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- - - - - - - - - - Shinto Shrines - - - - - - - - - -

. Daijinguu 大神宮 Daijingu shrines of Japan - LIST -.


. Daikoku Sha 大国社 - Yano no Gongen 与野のごんげん . - Saitama

. Dairoku Ten Jinja 第六天神社
Hanno, Saitama. and Nagamiya Hikawa Jinja 長宮氷川神社 Tengu Shrines

. Daishogun Hachi Jinja 大将軍八神社 .
Kyoto. Daishoogun Jinja) 大将軍神社


. Doi Jinja 土井神社 . Okayama
Mimasaka, the Old Road of Izumo 出雲街道


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- - - - - - - - - - Buddhist Temples - - - - - - - - - -

. Daianji 大安寺 Daian-Ji . Nara

. Daianrakuji 大安楽寺 - Daianraku-Ji, Dai-Anraku-Ji . - Nagano

. Daichi-In 大智院 . - Mie

. Daienji 大円寺 Daien-Ji . Tokyo

. Daigoji 醍醐寺 Daigo-Ji . Kyoto

. Daijiji 大慈寺 Daiji-Ji, Onodera-san . Kyoyo, and Ennin 慈覚大師仁円

Daijooji 大乗寺 Daijo-Ji, Hyogo
source : museum.daijyoji.or.jp

. Daijuu-In 大樹院 Daiju-In . - Yamagata
..... 雷不動明王 Kaminari Fudo

. Daikakuji 大覚寺 Daikaku-Ji Monseki . Saga, Kyoto

Daimanji 大満寺 Daiman-Ji - Sendai
. gankiri 癌切り, ganfuuji 癌封じ amulets for healing cancer .

. Dainichiboo 大日坊 - Dainichi-Bo . - Yudono San 湯殿山, Yamagata

. Dairyuuji 大龍寺 Dairyu-Ji . - Aizu Wakamatsu, Fukushima
- - - - - Choomei Fudoo, Nagaiki Fudo 長命不動 Chomei Fudo granting a long life


. Daisho-In, Daishoin 大聖院 Miyajima . Hiroshima


. Daitokuji 大徳寺 Daitoku-Ji . - Miyagi / Yokoyama Fudo 横山不動

. Daitooji 大統寺 Daito-Ji . Ryugasaki, Ibaraki


. Daiun-Ji 岩倉大雲寺 and Iwakura Waterfall . Kyoto

. Daiunji 大雲寺 Daiun-ji . Katsuyama. Okayama


. Dannoo Hoorinji 檀王法林寺 Danno Horin-Ji .


. Daruma Temples - LIST .   



. Dragon Temples with ryuu / ryoo 龍 竜 .

Dojoji
. Doojooji 道成寺 Dojo-Ji .
Kabuki play


. Doomyooji 道明寺 Domyo-Ji . Fujidera Town, Osaka


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. daiji, ootera, oodera 大寺 large temple .


. daijoosai, daijōsai 大嘗祭 Shinto Harvest Thanksgiving Ritual .
- - - - - Daijōe, Senso daijō sai
- - - - - niiname no matsuri 新嘗祭 Niiname-Sai


. Dainichi Sutra 大日経 Dainichi Kyo - Mahavairocana Sutra .
. . . . . Dainichi Nyorai 大日如来


. danjiri だんじり and o-mikoshi お神輿 festival floats .


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- - - - - - - - - - Shinto Shrines - - - - - - - - - -


. chinju doo 鎮守堂 Hall for the Regional Kami .

. Chiryu Jinja 知立神社 . Aichi


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- - - - - - - - - - Buddhist Temples - - - - - - - - - -


. Chion-in 知恩院 / 智恩院 . Kyoto、Higashiyama 京都府京都市東山区
headquarters of the Jōdo-shū 浄土宗  Pure Land Sect

Chion-Ji 知恩寺 Chion-Ji
Kyoto 京都市左京区田中門前町 of the Jodo-Shu Sect

Chionji 智恩寺 Chion-Ji
Kyoto 京都府宮津市, of the Rinzai Zen Sect



. Chishaku-In 智積院 Temple . Kyoto


Choogakuji 長岳寺 Chogaku-Ji
The oldest Buddhist statue in Japan with gems inset in its eyes.
- source : www.pref.nara.jp


. Choohooji 頂法寺 Choho-Ji .
..... Rokkakudoo 六角堂 Rokkaku-Do, Rokkakudo . Kyoto

. Choomeiji 長命寺 Chomei-Ji temples . - Tokyo and other regions

. Chooooji 長翁寺 Choo-Ji, Cho-O-Ji . Aichi, Nagoya, Narumi


. Choorakuji, Chōraku-ji 長楽寺 Choraku-Ji temples .
- - - - - Shimoda, Kyoto, . . .


. Chootokuji 長徳寺 Chotoku-Ji .
- - - - - あやかり不動 Ayakari Fudo to share Good Luck



. Chuusonji, Chūson-ji 中尊寺 Chuson-Ji . and the Fujiwara clan 藤原 - Hiraizumi, Iwate
Konjikido 金色堂, also called "Shining Hall" (Hikarido 光堂)
and
Fudoo Doo 不動堂 Fudo Hall at Chuzon-Ji



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. chigi 千木 "1000 roof beams" .
katsuogi 鰹木 "bonito beams"
ochigi 男千木(おちぎ) male chigi
mechigi 女千木 (めちぎ) female chigi


. chinjugami 鎮守神 tutelary deities .


. chinowa, chi no wa 茅の輪 sacred purification ring .
for the summer purification in June, natsu no harae 夏祓


. Chokuganji 勅願寺 Chokugan-Ji - "Imperial Temple" . - LIST -
temples established by direct orders from an Emperor


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- - - - - - - - - - Shinto Shrines - - - - - - - - - -


. Baien - Umezono Tenmanguu 梅園天満宮 Nagasaki, Maruyama .



- Basho, Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉
. Basho Inari Jinja 芭蕉稲荷神社 Basho Fox Shrine . Tokiwa, Tokyo
- - - - - . Matsuo Jinja 松尾神社 . Komatsu, Ishikawa
- - - - - . Haiseiden 俳聖殿 Haisei-Den Hall of the Haiku Saint .
Iga Ueno 伊賀上野



. betsuguu, betsugū 別宮 Betsugu separate shrines - bessha 別社 .


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- - - - - - - - - - Buddhist Temples - - - - - - - - - -

. Baishooji 梅松寺 Baisho-Ji - Baishô Temple . Obuse,Nagano. and Issa

Banryuuji 蟠竜寺 Banryu-Ji“Coiling Dragon Temple”

. Banshooji 万松寺 Bansho-Ji . - Nagoya, Aichi
. . . . . Migawari Fudoo 身代わり不動


. Bodaiji 菩提寺 Bodai-Ji . - Shimokita, Aomori

. Bodaiji 菩提寺 Bodai-Ji . - Tono 遠野, Iwate


. Botamochi-dera 牡丹餅寺 / Jooei-Ji 常栄寺 Joei-Ji . Kamakura


. Buppooji 仏法寺 Buppo-Ji . Mimasaka, Okayama

. Butsumo Maya San Tooriten Jooji 仏母麻耶山忉利天上寺 - Maya san Tenjooji 摩耶山天上寺 Tenjo-Ji . Kobe, Hyogo


Butsuryuuji 仏隆寺 Butsuryu-Ji - Nara
with Mochizukizakura (a cherry blossom tree)
- source : www.pref.nara.jp


. Buttsuuji 佛通寺 Buttsu-Ji .  Mihara, Hiroshima


- Byoodooin 平等院 Byodo-In and the Phoenix Hall 鳳凰堂 . Uji, Nara



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. ban 幡 banner decorations .
- - - - - dooban 幢幡(どうばん), doo 幢, hata 旗


. bettōji, bettooji  別当寺 betto-ji  .
Buddhist temples associated with Shinto shrines.


. bonno  煩悩 worldly desires, illusions, delusions .
tonjinchi 貪瞋癡(とんじんち) -
貪 = むさぼり, greed
瞋 = いかり, anger
癡 = おろかさ, stupidity


. bunshi 分祀 - 分祠, bunsha bunsha 分社 - branch shrine .

. busha sai 奉射祭  Sacred Archery Festivals, Foot Warrior Archery Festivals .


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- KK KK - / - LLL - / - MMM - / - NNN - / - OOO -

- PPP - / - QQQ - / - RRR - / - SSS - / - TTT -

- UUU - / - VVV - / - WWW - / - XYZ -

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. Achi Jinja 阿智神社 . - Kurashiki, Okayama

. Agata jinja 縣神社 . - Uji, Nara

. Akama Jingu 赤間神宮 . Shimonoseki

. Akatani no Yama Jinja 赤谷の山神社 . Niigata

. Akimoto Jinja 秋元神社 . Kyoto

. Ama no Iwato Jinja, Amanoiwato-jinja 天岩戸神社 Amano Iwato Shrine . Miyazaki

. Amatsu Jinja 天津神社 . Okayama, Bizen

. Aoba Jinja 青葉神社 . Sendai, Miyagi

. Aoi Aso Jinja 青井阿蘇神社 . Kumamoto

. Aoshima Jinja 青島神社 Aoshima Shrine . Miyazaki


阿羅波比神社 Arawai Jinja / 阿羅波比社 Arawai no Yashiro, Matsue, Shimane

Arima Toosen Jinja 有馬 湯泉神社 Tosen Shrine in Arima Hot Spring Hyogo


. Asama Jinja 浅間神社 . Shizuoka (Sengen Jinja)

. Asama Jinja 浅間神社 . Yamanashi. Kai Ichi no Miya 甲斐一の宮

. Ashigami Jinja 足神神社  Shrine for the Deity of Legs - Uji Jinja 宇治神社 . - Ise, Ujiyamada, Mie

. Ashioo sha 足王社 Ashi-O shrine - Hakusan Guu 白山宮足王社 Hakusan shrine . - Aichi

. Aso jinja 阿蘇神社 Aso Shrine in Kumamoto . Kyushu
- Aso Shrine, Fukuoka 福岡県 杷木町

. Atago shrines of Japan 愛宕神社 .

. Atsuta Jinguu 熱田神宮 Atsuta Jingu .  Nagoya, Aichi


. Awashima Jinja 淡島神社 . - Nagasaki

. Awashima Jinja 淡島神社 . Wakayama

. Awashima Jinja 粟島神社 . - Uto, Kumamoto - 熊本県宇土市

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- - - - - - - - - - Temples - - - - - - - - - -

. Adashino, Temple Nenbutsu-ji 仏野念仏寺 . Kyoto

. Aikyoo-In 愛敬院 Aikyo-In . - Miyagi
. . . . . 駒場滝不動尊 Komabataki Waterfall Fudo, near Abukuma 阿武隈


. Aizu Go Yakushi 会津五薬師 Five Yakushi temples .
center - Shoojooji 勝常寺 Shojo-Ji
East - Enichiji 慧日寺 Enichi-Ji
West - Kami Unai Yakushi Doo 上宇内薬師堂 Yakushi Do Hall
North 北山薬師 Kitayama Yakushi - 大正寺 Taisho-Ji
South - Nodera Yakushi 野寺薬師 - 慈光寺 Jiko-Ji


. Aizu Yakushi-Ji 会津薬師寺 . - Fukushima. and 高田不動 Takada Fudo

Akashi sanjuusan kasho 明石西国33ヶ所  Kobe Pilgrimage to 33 Temples

. amadera 尼寺 nunnery (for Buddhist nuns) .

Anichiji 阿日寺 Anichi-Ji - Nara
. pokkuri  ぽっくり amulets for a sudden death, "drop dead" .

. Anju Jizoo Doo 地蔵堂 Anju Jizo Do Hall
Anamizu 穴水, Sado Islan, Ishikawa
me-arai Jizoo 目洗い地蔵 "Jizo to wash your eyes"

. Anrakuji 安楽寺 Anraku-Ji . Shishigatani 鹿ケ谷, Kyoto


. Anryuuji 安竜寺 Anryu-Ji “Peaceful Dragon Temple”.

. Asakusa Kannon 浅草観音 . Tokyo
Temple Sensooji 浅草寺 Sensoji - fujikoo 富士講 Fujiko , Fuji pilgrims

. Arako Kannon 荒子観音 Arako Kannon Temple .
Nagoya, Aichi 名古屋市中川区


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. ahirukusa moji 阿比留草文字 ahiru kusa characters .
..... jindai moji 神代文字 “scripts of the age of the gods”

. 赤倉山 Akakurasan - Akakura Fudo . - Tsugaru, Aomori
..... 津軽赤倉山神社 Tsugaru Akakura Jinja

. amadera 尼寺 nunnery (monastery for Buddhist nuns) .

. amagoi no miya 雨乞宮 shrine for rain rituals .

. Amanoiwato, Ama no Iwato 天岩戸 cave where Amaterasu Omikami hid . - Miyazaki
- - - - - and - Amanoyasukawara 天安河原 Ama no Yasukawara  


. Awagigahara 阿波岐原 Sacred Awagigahara Forest . - Miyazaki


. Azumi no Isora 阿曇磯良 .
- Azumi no Isora Maru 阿曇磯良丸 Isoramaru - Hakata and Hotaka shrine, Nagano
- Ame no Koyane no mikoto 天児屋根命 Amenokoyane


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Welcome !

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Welcome to visit shrines and temples of Japan !

Take a virtual walk through Japanese culture, with haiku as a special treat.


Check the ABC - CONTENTS on the right side!
They provide the glossary of technical terms, keywords and other items you are looking for.



Kokubun-Ji, Tsuyama, Okayama


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General Information

. Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) . - - - Shinto Shrein
..... miya, guu 宮
..... honguu 本宮 Hongu, main shrine
..... taisha 大社 big shrine, Grand Shrine
..... yashiro, sha 社 (small) shrine etc.

.kami 神 Shinto deities - ABC-LIST - .



. Buddhist Temple (tera, ...ji 寺) . - - - Buddhistischer Tempel
crossroad temple, tsujidoo 辻堂
temple hall, hall, doo 堂



WASHOKU - Temple and Shrine Food  



. Kami, Hotoke and Haiku - the beginning .

. - Shrines visited by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

. - Temples visited by Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - .

. - Kobayashi Issa 小林一茶  visiting shrines and temples - .

. - Shrines visited by Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 - .   

. - Temples visited by Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 - .   

. - Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規 visiting shrines and temples - .


Apart from shrines and temples, this BLOG concentrates on introducing terminology of the Shinto background,
with haiku to go.
Unless mentioned otherwise, the translations are done by myself.


Gabi Greve
Daruma Museum Japan, Spring 2013


under construction, please come back often!
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- ABC-LIST -


- AAA - / - BBB - / - CCC - / - DDD - / - EEE -

- FFF - / - GGG - / - HHH - / - I I I - / - JJJ -

- KK KK - / - LLL - / - MMM - / - NNN - / - OOO -

- PPP - / - QQQ - / - RRR - / - SSS - / - TTT -

- UUU - / - VVV - / - WWW - / - XYZ -

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- - - - - - - - Latest Additions - - - - - - - -


. Latest Additions - Daruma Museum - Shrine - .


under construction, please come back often!
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- BACKUP - Shikoku Henro list

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Shikoku Henro Temple List







- - - - - BACKUP October 15, 2014

Pilgrimage to 88 temples in honor of Kobo Daishi Kukai
. 四国お遍路さん Henro Pilgrims in Shikoku .
- Introduction -

Kobo Daishi Kukai 弘法大師 空海


Those marked with "Fudo" have photos of the statues.
. Fudō Myō-ō, Fudoo Myoo-Oo 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja - Fudo Myoo .





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Tokushima

Nr. 01, - . Ryoozenji 霊山寺 Ryozen-Ji .
Fudo

Nr. 02, - . Gokurakukji 極楽寺 Gokuraku-Ji .
Fudo

03 - 亀光山 Kikozan 釈迦院 Shaka-In 金泉寺 Konzen-Ji
04 - 黒厳山 Kokuganzan 遍照院 Henjo-In 大日寺 Dainichi-Ji
05 - 無尽山 Mujinzan 荘厳院 Yogo-In 地蔵寺 Jizo-Ji
06 - 温泉山 Onzenzan 瑠璃光院 Ruiko-In 安楽寺 Anraku-Ji

07 - . 光明山 Komyozan 蓮華院 Renge-In 十楽寺 Juraku-Ji .
Fudo

08 - 普明山 Fumyozan 真光院 Shinko-In 熊谷寺 Kumatani-Ji
09 - 正覚山 Shokakuzan 菩提院  Bodai-In 法輪寺 Horin-Ji

Nr. 10, - . Kirihata 得度山 切幡寺 Kirihata-Ji .

11 - 金剛山 Kongozan 一乗院 Ichijo-In 藤井寺 Fujiidera

Nr. 12, - . Shoosanji 焼山寺 Shosan-Ji, Shozan-Ji .
Fudo

13 - 大栗山 Ogurizan 花蔵院 Kezo-in 大日寺 Dainichi-Ji
14 - 盛寿山 Seijuzan 延命院 Enmei-In 常楽寺 Joraku-Ji
15 - 薬王山 Yakuozan 金色院 Konjiki-In 國分寺 Kokubunji
16 - 光耀山 Koyozan 千手院 Senju-In 観音寺 Kannon-Ji
17 - 瑠璃山 Rurizan 真福院 Shinpuku-In 井戸寺 Ido-Ji
18 - 母養山 Boyozan 宝樹院 Hoju-In 恩山寺 Onzan-Ji
19 - 橋池山 Gyozhizan 摩尼院 Mani-In 立江寺 Tatsue-Ji
20 - 霊鷲山 Ryojuzan 宝珠院 Hoju-In 鶴林寺 Kakurin-Ji

Nr. 21, - . Tairyuuji 太龍寺 Tairyu-Ji .

22 - 白水山 Hakusuizan 医王院 Shio-In 平等寺 Hyodo-Ji
23 - 医王山 Shiozan 無量寿院 Muryoju-In 薬王寺 Yakuo-Ji

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Kochi

Nr. 24, - 室戸山 明星院 最御崎寺 Hotsumisaki-Ji

Nr. 25, - 宝珠山 真言院 津照寺 Shinsho-Ji
Nr. 26, - 龍頭山 光明院 金剛頂寺 Kongocho-Ji
Nr. 27, - 竹林山 地蔵院 神峯寺 Konomine-Ji
Nr. 28, - 法界山 高照院 大日寺 Dainichi-Ji
Nr. 29, - 摩尼山 宝蔵院 国分寺 Kokubun-Ji
Nr. 30, - 百々山 東明院 善楽寺 Zenraku-Ji
Nr. 31, - 五台山 金色院 竹林寺 Chikurin-Ji
Nr. 32, - 八葉山 求聞持院 禅師峰寺 Senjibu-Ji
Nr. 33, - 高福山 雪蹊寺 Sekkei-Ji

Nr. 34, - . Tanemaji 種間寺 Tanema-Ji .

Nr. 35, - . Kiyotakiji 清滝寺 Kiyotaki-Ji .

Nr. 36, - . Shooryuuji 青龍寺 Shoryu-Ji .
Namikiri Fudo

Nr. 37, - 藤井山 五智院 岩本寺 Iwamoto-Ji
Nr. 38, - 蹉跎山 補陀洛院 金剛福寺 Kongofuku-Ji
Nr. 39, - 赤亀山 寺山院 延光寺 Enko-Ji


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Ehime

Nr. 40, - . Kanjizaiji 観自在寺 Kanjizai-Ji .
Fudo

Nr. 41, - . Ryuukooji 龍光寺 Ryuko-Ji .

Nr. 42, - 一カ山 毘盧舎那院 仏木寺 Butsumoku-Ji
Nr. 43, - 源光山  円手院 明石寺 Meiseki-Ji
Nr. 44, - 菅生山 大覚院 大寶寺 Daiho-Ji
Nr. 45, - 海岸山 岩屋寺 Iwaya-Ji
Nr. 46, - 医王山 養珠院 浄瑠璃寺 Joruri-Ji


Nr. 47, - . Yasakaji 八坂寺 Yasaka-Ji .
Fudo

Nr. 48, - 清滝山 安養院 西林寺 Sairin-Ji
Nr. 49, - 西林山 三蔵院 浄土寺 Jodo-Ji
Nr. 50, - 東山 瑠璃光院 繁多寺 Handa-Ji
Nr. 51, - 熊野山 虚空蔵院 石手寺 Ishite-Ji
Nr. 52, - 龍雲山 護持院 太山寺 Daisan-Ji
Nr. 53, - 須賀山 正智院 円明寺 Enmyo-Ji


Nr. 54,
. Enmeiji 延命寺 Enmei-ji .
Fudo

Nr. 55, - 別宮山 金剛院 南光坊 Nanko-Bo

Nr. 56, - . Taisanji 泰山寺 Taisan-Ji .
Fudo

Nr. 57, - 府頭山 無量寿院 栄福寺 Eifuku-Ji
Nr. 58, - 作礼山 千光院 仙遊寺 Senyu-Ji
Nr. 59, - 金光山 最勝院 国分寺 Kokubun-Ji

Nr. 60, - 石鈇山 福智院 横峰寺 Yokomine-Ji
Nr. 61, - 栴檀山 教王院 香園寺 Koon-Ji
Nr. 62, - 天養山 観音院 宝寿寺 Hoju-Ji
Nr. 63, - 密教山 胎蔵院 吉祥寺 Kichijo-Ji
Nr. 64, - 石鈇山 Ishizuchizan 金色院 前神寺 Maegami-Ji
Nr. 65, - 由霊山 慈尊院 三角寺 Sankaku-Ji


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Kagawa

Nr. 66, - 巨鼇山 千手院 雲辺寺 Unpen-Ji
Nr. 67, - 小松尾山 不動光院 大興寺 Daiko-Ji
Nr. 68, - 七宝山 神恵院 Jinnei-In

Nr. 69, - . Kannonji 観音寺 Kannon-Ji .

Nr. 70, - 七宝山 持宝院 本山寺 Motoyama-Ji

Nr. 71, - . Iyadaniji 弥谷寺 Iyadani-Ji .

Nr. 72, - 我拝師山 延命院 曼荼羅寺 Mandara-Ji
Nr. 73, - 我拝師山 求聞持院 出釈迦寺 Shusshaka-Ji
Nr. 74, - 医王山 多宝院 甲山寺 Koyama-Ji

Nr. 75, - 五岳山 誕生院 善通寺 Zentsu-Ji
. "Pine of the Revered Image" of Kukai 御影の松 .

Nr. 76, - 鶏足山 宝幢院 金倉寺 Konzo-Ji
Nr. 77, - 桑多山 明王院 道隆寺 Doryu-Ji
Nr. 78, - 仏光山 広徳院 郷照寺 Kosho-Ji
Nr. 79, - 金華山 高照院 天皇寺 Tenno-Ji

Nr. 80, - 白牛山 千手院 國分寺 Kokubun-Ji
Nr. 81, - 綾松山 洞林院  白峯寺 Shiromine-Ji


Nr. 82, - . Negoroji 根香寺 Negoro-Ji .

Nr. 83, - 神毫山 大宝院 一宮寺 Ichinomiya-Ji

Nr. 84, - 南面山 千光院 屋島寺 Yashima-Ji
. Temple Yashima-ji 屋島寺 and Tasaburo 太三郎狸 Tanuki .

Nr. 85, - . 五剣山 観自在院 八栗寺 Yaguri-Ji .

Nr. 86, - . Shidodera 志度寺 Shido-Dera .

Nr. 87, - . Nagaoji 長尾寺 Nagao-Ji .

Nr. 88, - . Ookuboji 大窪寺 Okubo-Ji .
Fudo



kechigan Daruma 結願だるま The vow is fulfilled!
All 88 temples visited.


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Kobo Daishi Reijo 弘法大師霊場 Kobo Daishi Pilgrimages in Japan


Rice Crackers for the Kobo Daishi Pilgrim !

関東 -- Kanto
1 関東八十八ケ所 - Kanto
2 御府内八十八ケ所 - Gofunai - old area of Edo
3 多摩八十八ケ所 - tama
4 玉川八十八ケ所 - Tamagawa

北陸・中部 -- Hokuriku, Chubu
5 越後廿一ケ所 21 temples in Echigo
6 佐渡新四国八十八ケ所 - Sado
7 甲斐百八ケ所 100 temples in Kai (Yamanashi)
8 美濃新四国八十八ケ所 - Mino
9 伊豆八十八ケ所 - Izu
10 知多新四国八十八ケ所 - Chita peninsula, Aichi

近畿 -- Kinki
11 三重四国八十八ケ所 - Mie
12 摂津国八十八ケ所 - Settsu no Kuni
13 淡路四国八十八ケ所 - Awaji Island

中国 -- Chugoku
14 美作八十八ケ所 - Mimasaku
15 広島新四国八十八ケ所 - Hiroshima
16 周防大島八十八ケ所 - Suo Oshima - Hiroshima

四国 - Shikoku
17 四国八十八ケ所 Shikoku Henro 88 temples
18 四国別格二十霊場 - special 20 temples in Shikoku
19 新四国曼荼羅 Shikoku Mandala
20 小豆島八十八ケ所 - Shodoshima (Kagawa)

九州 - Kyushu
21 篠栗(ささぐり)八十八ケ所 - Sasaguri
22 九州八十八ケ所
- source : www.narutokanko.co.jp


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. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Fudo Pilgrims - INTRODUCTION .



. Japan - Shrines and Temples - ABC .


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shinzo statues

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shinzoo 神像 statues of Shinto kami deities

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吉野御子守神像 Yoshino Mikumari

「国宝 大神社展」
“Grand Exhibition of Sacred Treasures from Shinto Shrines” at the Tokyo National Museum
- source : www.tnm.jp


- quote
Seeing where Shinto and Buddhism cross
“The number of Shinto shrines in Japan has changed over centuries due to various political and social changes. There were about 190,000 shrines during the early Meiji Era (1867-1912), before a drastic change came about in the merging of shrines and temples. The number of shrines was greatly reduced, and now there are only around 80,000. That’s not much more than the number of convenience stores across Japan.”

This is how Tsunekiyo Tanaka, president of Jinja Honcho (Association of Shinto Shrines) began a lecture — with a little humor. Established after World War II, Jinja Honcho was created to supervise Shinto shrines throughout in Japan, and Tanaka was speaking at a recent special public event hosted by “The Grand Exhibition of Sacred Treasures from Shinto Shrines” at the Tokyo National Museum.

The exhibition celebrates the 62nd “grand relocation” of the Ise Grand Shrine and is being held with special assistance from Jinja Honcho and with the cooperation of numerous individual shrines throughout Japan.

Although Shinto, the way of kami (gods), is believed to be an indigenous faith of Japan, few Japanese are devoted Shintoists. Instead, many visit Buddhist temples as well as pray for luck and happiness at Shinto shrines. It is believed that before Buddhism was introduced in Japan, however, Shinto was born from an existing primitive form of religion that worshipped nature.

The ancient people of Japan honored sacred spirits that they recognized in nature, manifesting in mountains, rocks, rivers and trees. As communities grew, they began erecting shrines where they could worship these deities, and the shrines became centers of regional life and culture.

The arrival of Buddhism, however, brought with it stylistic carved figural icons, an art form that influenced Shinto imagery, and as Shinto-Buddhist syncretism progressed, many Shinto shrines and their deities were combined with Buddhist temples and figures. Even Japanese who still follow Shinto find it difficult to grasp what it really means, although many Japanese customs, such as an emphasis on purification and aesthetics in harmony with nature, appear to be derived from Shinto.



Tanaka, a Shinto priest of Iwashimizu Hachimangu, Kyoto, explained it as simply as he can: “In comparison to Western religions, such as Christianity, for which people believe in an absolute God, followers of Shinto sense kehai (presence of spirits) in the nature.

“Shinto never had holy scriptures like the bible to follow, nor does it have a doctrine. It’s more of a way of living, or the wisdom of how to live in harmony with the nature, while being grateful and respectful of all the spirits of life,” he continued. “Shinto has permeated everyday life in such a way that most people are not particularly conscious of its influence.”

Omusubi (rice balls), for example, originally symbolized the tying of the “souls” of ine (rice plants), which themselves are believed to be inherited from kami.

“You take firm hold of the rice, the souls, and mold them with both hands, which have been purified with a little salt and water,” Tanaka said. “Mothers’ hands are ideal to make omusubi, as the mother represents life, love and care. Now, though, people often buy omusubi at convenience stores.”

As Tanaka explained in his talk, it is rare to have the relocation of two major shrines, Ise and Izumo, in the same year — and so he hopes these events will help “revive the relationship between people and kami by evoking the awareness of its tradition and rich cultural background”

Ise Grand shrine in Mie Prefecture, the most venerated of shrines in Japan, is dedicated to Amaterasu, the Sun Goddess, who, according to myth, is the original ancestor of the imperial family. The first relocation ceremony of Ise was in 690 AD, and since then the ritual is repeated every 20 years. It involves the temporary relocation of the shrine’s kami during the renovation of the grounds’ buildings. The procedure not only ensures the preservation the original design of the shrine, but it also gives craftsmen the opportunity to showcase and pass down their skills to the next generation.

“It is believed that the kami are also rejuvenated through the renewal of buildings and furnishings,” said Hiroshi Ikeda, special research chair of the Tokyo National Museum. “And that implies the idea of everlasting youth, known as tokowaka.”

Numerous sacred treasures — including 160 designated National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties — from various shrines have been brought together for this commemoration of Ise’s grand relocation. Unprecedented in scale and scope, the exhibition showcases Shinto artworks that vary from symbolic objects such as a bronze mirror and Japanese magatama beads, to more practical items including arms and armor, beautifully embroidered garments, furniture, a writing box and an accessory box complete with a toiletries set of combs decorated with mother-of-pearl inlay and maki-e lacquer.

“The sacred treasure items are often oversized or undersized, emphasizing that they were not for human use,” Ikeda explained. “They emulated the styles once popular in the residences of imperial and aristocratic families, and so such objects came to represent court society life and aesthetics, from which Japanese style, known as wayo developed.”

Ikeda went on to explain that shinzo, (Shinto kami statues), were also made in the style of Japan’s aristocrats. Kami, which were originally understood to be invisible and intangible deities, first began to be represented in figural form in the 8th century, because of the influence of popular Buddhist statues.

“The earliest surviving examples of Shinto statues date from the 9th century,” Ikeda said. “And as there were no iconographic rules for Shinto kami statues, as there are for Buddhist ones, they were represented more freely, modeling court style.

Other sections of the exhibition focus on discoveries at ceremonial sites that indicate the beginnings of a ritual celebration of kami, and on objects — including costumes, instruments and masks — used at ceremonial performances at festivals. Such rituals involved asking kami and ancestral spirits for divine protection, and praying or giving thanks for peace and a bountiful harvest.

At festivals, specially prepared foods were presented as offerings, to be enjoyed alongside a variety of ceremonial performances, including music, dance and Noh plays. All of this harks back to the original purpose of food and performing arts in Shinto — the idea that those involved in the preparation of food and musical or Noh activities would devote themselves to the skills of their art form to please kami, with the belief that kami also reside in the highest achievement of art.

In the words of Tanaka: “In Japan, anything in your life can be the ‘way’ of something, or a discipline, which is something I believe was influenced by Shinto. Take for example, the way of the sword, calligraphy, singing, or even cooking noodles — these can be accomplished with the sincere aim of excelling to the highest achievement, the results of which can be only offered to kami.”
- source : www.japantimes.co.jp - 2013


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source : yosinomikumarijinjya
Tamayori Hime from Yoshino Mikumari Jinja


. Mikumari Jinja 御子守神社 and Mikomori Myōjin 御子守明神. .

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Female Shinto spirit, approx. 1100–1200
This figure represents a Shinto goddess; her name is not known. She is depicted as an aristocratic woman, dressed in a thick kimono-like garment. Shinto images like this one were not meant to be seen but were kept hidden in movable cabinets in a special part of shrines, where they were privately worshiped.
Since ancient times, the Japanese worshiped spirits (kami) who were believed to exist abundantly in such forms of the natural world as mountains, rocks, waterfalls, and trees. As such, they were not depicted in human form, male or female. It was only in the ninth century, under the strong influence of Buddhist image-making, kami began to be depicted in human form.
- source : education.asianart.org


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Ikeda Jinja (Ikota Jinja) 伊居太神社
Kureha Jinja呉服神社 - Osaka



Kureha Hime
呉服姫神像は寿命寺 Statue at temple Jumyooji - Jumyo-Ji




Ayaha Hime
穴織姫神像が伊居太神社

Click for more photos :
source : atamatote.blog


. Kureha Jinja 呉服神社 . - Osaka, Ikeda

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- Reference : 日本語

- Reference : English


. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .


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. origami shinzoo 折紙神像 deities made from folded paper .

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kannushi Shinto priest

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kannushi 神主 Shinto priest



- quote
saikan 斎館
Also kandachi神館, shinkan神館.


1 At Ise Jinguu 伊勢神宮, saikan refers to those who serve the shrine: the master of religious ceremonies, saishu祭主; the chief priest, daiguuji大宮司; the assistant priests, shouguuji少宮司; lower rank priests, negi禰宜; assistants to lower rank priests, gonnegi権禰宜; and shrine administrators, guushou宮掌.

2 A person involved in religious duties at a Shinto shrine. Also kannushi神主, shinshoku神職.

3 A purification hall where all priests, and at Ise Jinguu the head priestess as well, purify themselves prior to participating in any ceremony.
- source : JAANUS


. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) .
- Introduction -


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- quote
Becoming a Shintō Priest or Priestess
Titles - Roles of Men & Women Serving Shrines
To work officially as a priest in modern Japan, individuals must pass examinations given by the Association of Shintō Shrines (Jinja Honchō 神社本庁) -- these tests are open to both men and women who want to become Shintō priests. But until modern times, there was no standardized certification or qualification system.
snip
Other Important Terms for Those Serving Shintō Shrines
Hafuri祝. A term for Shintō priests, usually a rank beneath kannushi and negi. (Kokugakuin)
Hafuribe祝部. One type of priest established under the ancient ritsuryō system. (Kokugakuin)
Kandachi 神館; place for Shintō purification rites, as well as a place for priests to go into seclusion for a set amount of time; also known as Saikan 斎館 or Shinkan 神館.
Kannushi神主; generic term for shrine priests and those who perform religious duties at Shintō shrines; also known as Saikan 斎館 or Shinshoku 神職. Says the Kokugakuin University Encyclopedia of Shintō: "The kannushi was a mediator (nakatorimachi 仲執り持ち or 仲取持ち) between kami and humans, and served the kami on behalf of humanity. Sometimes the kannushi played the role of the kami or even acted as a kami to transmit the will of the kami to humanity."
Nai-Shōten 内掌典. Female attendants who assist the emperor in the performance of the annual Niinamesai ceremony 新嘗祭 (rice tasting ceremony), when the emperor offers the first fruits of each year's rice harvest to the gods and then eats a little himself.
Saikan斎館; one who performs religious duties at Shintō shrines; aka Kannushi 神主 or Shinshoku 神職. Saikan also refers to a purification hall where priests purify themselves prior to participating in ceremonies. At Ise Jingū, the head priestess as well undergoes purification in the Saikan.
Shashi社司. One who performs religious duties at higher ranking Shintō shrines. 
Shashō社掌. Deputy priest, one rank below Shashi.
Shikan祠官. Priest at low-level village and hamlet shrines; those serving so-called “people’s shrines” (Minsha 民社)
Shinkan神館; see entry for Kandachi.
Shinkan神官; general term for Shintō priest.
Shinshoku神職; performs religious duties at Shintō shrines; aka Kannushi 神主 or Saikan 斎館.
Shishō祠掌. Priest at low-level village and hamlet shrines; those serving so-called “people’s shrines” (Minsha 民社)
Shōten掌典. Male clergy who assist the emperor in the performance of the annual Niinamesai ceremony 新嘗祭 (rice tasting ceremony).



Shintō Attire Among Clergy
The robes worn today by Shintō priests and priestesses are reportedly derived from gowns worn by the court and nobility in the Heian period (794 to 1185).

- more details and further LINKS
- source : Mark Schumacher


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- quote
How to Become a Shinto Priest
Shintoism is the original faith of the indigenous Japanese, involving the worship of various Gods, Spirits and demons called Kami.



Shintoism is rare outside Japan though it is gaining popularity outside Japan in some countries. For those who wish to devote themselves to Shintoism and become priests, here is a guide.
- source : www.wikihow.com


- Reference : English


. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .


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- - - - -  H A I K U  - - - - -

宮一つ神主一人大吹雪
miya hitotsu kannushi hitori daifubuki

just one shrine
just one Shinto priest
super blizzard


Muramatsu Azami 村松紅花


- - - - -  More haiku about the Shinto priests
- source : HAIKUreikuDB


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- waitinglist shrines

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waitinglist - Shinto Shrines

- on facebook -

. Japan Shinto Shrines - Facebook .


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Places where Kappa is worshipped

水天宮(福岡)Fukuoka
河童大明神(曹源寺/東京)Tokyo
水虎様(青森) Aomori
手接神社(茨城)Ibaraki


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- #shrineswaitinglist #waitinglistshrines -
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- waitinglist temples

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waitinglist - Buddhist Temples



. Japan Buddhist Temples - Facebook .


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This Nagano temple has a memorial dedicated to lost letters.
The legend reads: "This memorial is dedicated to lost letters. There are approximately 1.8 million pieces of undeliverable in Japan annually. Postal workers dedicated this monument in 1971 for the relief of mail's spirit."



- source : facebook


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玄忠寺 浄土宗 玄忠寺(げんちゅうじ) Genchu-Ji

where is this?





https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=350798791797301&set=gm.927199343970773&type=1&theater


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- #templeswaitinglist #waitinglisttemples-
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miko shrine maiden

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miko 巫女 shrine maiden, female shrine attendant
kannagi 巫女 (かんなぎ)
okorago 御子良子 shrine maidens at Ise Shrine




- quote
A general term for a woman possessing the magico-religious power to receive oracles (takusen) from the kami in a state of spirit possession (kamigakari). Nowadays the term generally refers to a woman who assists shrine priests in ritual or clerical work. The word may be written with various characters (巫女、神子、巫子). Among miko there is a significant distinction between those female priests who have historically been attached to a shrine and those who are separate from shrines and either are settled in a village or travel the countryside as magical kitōshi (see kitō). Under the ritsuryō system, in the Jingikan female priests were called mikannagi, while they were called mikanko in the Shoku Nihongi.

In the Wakun no shiori, miko is described as the general term, while female norito performers are referred to as mikanko, and it further explains that miko can be written with different characters. The etymology of the word is unclear, but it may be an abbreviated expression of kamiko, the substance (monozane) in or upon which the kami manifests itself. It can also be thought of as a transformation of the honorific term miko (御子), indicating spiritual power and high birth.

In the past, a variety of related positions were found at different shrines: miyanome at Ōmiwasha, sōnoichi at Atsuta Jingū, itsukiko at Matsuno'o Taisha, monoimi at Kashima Jingū, naishi at Itsukushima Jinja, waka at Shiogama Jinja, and nyobettō at Ideha Jinja (Hagurosan). In ancient times miko acted as ritualists for the kami who possessed magical capabilities, as in the examples of Amenouzume no mikoto, Yamato totohi momoso hime no mikoto, Yamato hime no mikoto, and Empress Jingū. Eventually, however, male kannushi, hafuri, and negi took their place, and miko came to be placed in roles assisting these male ritualists, according to one theory.

Peregrinating and settled miko may be seen historically nationwide, performing magic and kitō (invocations of divine power) or transmitting the words of the dead. These unaffiliated miko exerted a great influence on folk religion and the verbal arts. Such women who serve miko-like functions may still be observed in some areas, and women performing similar functions may also be found in Shinto-derived new religions.
- source : Kokugakuin, Nishimuta Takao



. Autumn Festival in Sakai, Okayama .


- quote
A miko (巫女) is a Shinto term of Japan, indicating a shrine (jinja) maiden or a supplementary priestess who was once likely seen as a shaman but in modern Japanese culture is understood to be an institutionalized role in daily shrine life, trained to perform tasks, ranging from sacred cleansing to performing the Kagura, a sacred dance.
- Physical description
- Definition
- History of Mikoism
- Contemporary miko
. . . The ethnologist Kunio Yanagita (1875–1962), who first studied Japanese female shamans, differentiated them into
jinja miko (神社巫女 or "shrine shamans") who dance with bells and participate in yudate (湯立て or "boiling water") rituals,
kuchiyose miko (口寄せ巫女 or "spirit medium shamans") (itako いたこ) who speak on behalf of the deceased, and
kami uba (神姥 or "god women") who engage in cult worship and invocations (for instance, the Tenrikyo founder Nakayama Miki). . . .
- Miko in popular culture
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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miko suzu, mikosuzu  巫女鈴 ritual bells of a Miko

. . . CLICK here for Photos !

- quote
巫女鈴 - 17th century ~ Miwa, Nara Prefecture.
The rare suzu contains twelve barrel-shaped crotal bells. A five-lobed metal hand guard with flower motifs and openwork hearts bears a hidden inscription on its underside. It reveals the history and use of the instrument, stating that this Shinto instrument was used by miko (a supplementary priestess) Kuriyama Kamiko for the worship of the Miwa Miyojin deity at Miwa, a town in Soe County, Nara Prefecture. It also bears a date of 1699.



The term suzu refers to two Japanese instruments associated with Shinto ritual:
a round, hollow bell that contains pellets, having a slit on one side or a handheld bell-tree with small crotal bells strung in three levels on a wire. It is said that ringing them calls kami, allowing one to acquire positive power and authority, while repelling evil. A set of bells used in Kagura dance (神楽, "god-entertainment") is called Kagura suzu (神楽鈴, "divine entertainment bells").
Suzu come in many sizes, ranging from tiny ones on good luck charms to large ones at shrine entrances.

- source : facebook

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- Reference : 日本語

- Reference : English


. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .


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- - - - -  H A I K U  - - - - -


source : www.isekitamikado.com
MIKO 中世の巫女(みこ)



御子良子の一本ゆかし梅の花 
okorago no hitomoto yukashi ume no hana

the shrine maidens
with just one lone tree
of plum blossoms

Tr. Gabi Greve


. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 .
at Ise Jingu 伊勢神宮 Grand Shrine at Ise


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巫女に狐恋する夜寒かな
kannagi ni kitsune koi suru yosamu kana

Shrine-maidens are
Much loved by foxes
In the cold of night.

Tr. McAuley


河内路や東風 吹き送る巫が袖
kawachiji ya kochi fuki okuru miko ga sode

Kawachi Road -
the east wind in spring blows
the sleeves of shrine maidens

Tr. Gabi Greve




巫女町によききぬすます卯月かな
miko machi ni yoki kinu sumasu uzuki kana

Where the shrine maidens dwell
They're washing out their summer clothes:
The Fourth Month is here!

Tr. McAuley


At the shrine maidens' street
ceremonial robes being washed --
early summer.

Tr. Sawa/ Shiffert

The road from Yodo to Kawachi. Now part of Osaka.

. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 .
(1715-1783)

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神主のまはりの落葉巫女も掃く
中里北水

木犀や社家の子ゆゑの巫女づとめ
西村数

禰宜吶々巫女蝶々畳替
神尾季羊

舟で来る菖蒲祭の禰宜と巫女
井原久子

巫女が行き花嫁が行く夏木立 小堀紀子
巫女だまりより蒲公英の絮飛べり 飯森茂之
巫女だまり火の熾りゐる淑気かな 中野彰一
巫女となる一と間とざせり寒紅梅 中戸川朝人
巫女に吹く住吉の風の寒の風 米沢吾亦紅
巫女に恋したりままこのしりぬぐひ 加藤三七子
巫女に見ゆ乙女のうれひ花うつぎ 亀井糸游

巫女のみごとりてより春の闇 飯田蛇笏
巫女の初髪吉備津結びなる 細川子生
巫女の剣佩きたる雪月夜 飯田蛇笏 霊芝
巫女の手は衣にかくす里神楽 斉藤夏風
巫女の指細し病葉拾ふとき 原川雀
巫女の振る鈴に白露の闇動く 江田居半
巫女の掌に蚕神(おしら)遊ぶや旱り熔岩 角川源義
巫女の秘む幼き恋や龍の玉 中山輝鈴
巫女の緋は春の水皺に綾なせる 阿部みどり女
巫女の舞ふ鈴の音とほる青茅の輪 池田博子
巫女の舞ふ鈴より春の寒さかな 石山民谷
巫女の袖触れし天神花を享く 後藤比奈夫
巫女の鈴こだまとなりて杜小春 石川規矩子
巫女の鈴りりちりち砂灼けにける 伊藤敬子
巫女の髪水引を懸け神迎 安西閑山寺
巫女の髪解かずに下向革コート 河野頼人
巫女の髪髪切虫が切りに来し 村上冬燕
巫女の髪麻で束ねて更衣 永岡好友

巫女ひとりゐる大宮の芦の絮 北山春子
巫女ふたり打つ七草のせりなづな 蒲幾美
巫女も出て陽明門の煤払ふ 鈴木朗月
巫女も持つ時代祭の長刀を 岸風三楼 往来
巫女ゆききして玉虫の育つ森 神尾久美子
巫女より郭公やさし六地蔵 文挟夫佐恵 雨 月
巫女をおろしてしのぶ文字ずり良夜かな 加藤郁乎
巫女一つづつ雲丹海に雲丹供養 上甲明石
巫女囃子遠くにリラの花匂ふ 西村公鳳
巫女市の霧大粒に湖わたる 角川源義
巫女市霊界に柵めぐらして 三好潤子
巫女溜りはなやいでゐる雛納め 鈴木智子
巫女町のあかつき起や萩が花 妻木 松瀬青々
巫女白し炭をつかみし手をそゝぐ 前田普羅

巫女舞の扇の先の青嶺かな 佐野典子
巫女舞の稽古の日々や神無月 岩城鹿水
巫女舞の稽古はじめや楠若葉 堀井より子
巫女舞の花をうながす足拍子 伊藤京子
巫女舞は注連の几帳にかくれつゝ 高浜虚子
巫女舞を見せられ屠蘇に酔ひにけり 小路紫峡

Many more haiku about the miko
- source : HAIKUreikuDB

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Kawaharabuchi Ise

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Kawarabuchi Jinja 河原淵神社 Shrine Kawarabuchi





伊勢神宮豊受大神宮(外宮)の摂社
Mie, Ise Town 三重県伊勢市船江一丁目 / 1 Chome Funae, Ise-shi, Mie-ken

The old name is Funaekami no yashiro船江上社(ふなえかみのやしろ)



Deity in residence
Sawahime no Mikoto 澤姫命 / old spelling :鳴澤女
Deity to protect the water

豊受大神宮摂社

- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


- KAPPA - 河童 / 合羽 / かっぱ / カッパ - Kappabuchi 河童淵 Kappa River Pool -


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. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .


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Sake legends

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. Japanese Legends and Folktales - Introduction - .
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. - - Sake yokai Legends - - .

Sake 酒 and local (monster) legends 妖怪伝説








. Sake 酒 rice wine for rituals and festivals .
- Introduction-


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Matsunoo Taisha

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Matsunoo Taisha 松尾大社 Matsunoo Grand Shrine
Matsuno'o Taisha - Matsu-no-o
Matsunoo Jinja 松尾神社 Matsunoo Shrine (former name)


3 Arashiyamamiya-chō, Nishikyō-ku, Kyoto / 京都府京都市西京区嵐山宮町3




The characters, usually read Matsuo松尾, here are read as まつのお / まつのを matsu no o

Matsunō Daimyōjin 松尾大明神 The Great Matsunoo Deity

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This shrine is known as a sacred place for 酒 Sake Rice wine, 松尾様 Matsuo Sama, 松尾神 Matsuo no Kami -
referring to the shrine complex name to honor the deity.

The first sake in Japan has been introduced in the region of Nara, to prepare ritual miki神酒
for the shrine and purification rituals.

- - - - - Offerings of sake barrels from the breweries.

CLICK for more photos !

- quote -
Sake and Japanese Culture
The god of sake was also the god of rice growing and harvesting. So when the people prayed for good growing conditions and thanked the god for a good harvest, they connected with the god of sake. Sake linked the people to their gods, and then linked people together in congeniality. In this way, sake took on a vital role in religious festivities, agricultural rites, and many different ceremonial events, from marriages to funerals.
. . . Sake is more than a drink taken to enjoy a tipsy time—it also serves a vital social purpose at the defining moments in life.
- quote by Takeo Koizumi -

. sake 酒 saké, saki - Japanese rice wine .
- Introduction -

. jizake 地酒 local brands of rice wine .


The religious use of sake (o-miki お神酒)
In the word o-miki, the reading "ki" is assigned to the character for sake. As such, the final meaning would again be akin to "the sake that helps one prosper," but perhaps this time there is a bit more of a religious association. Linguistically, sakae-no-ki changed to sakae-no-ke, sakae-ke and sake-ke before arriving at the vernacular manifestation we use today.
source : JOHN GAUNTNER


- - - - - To make sake, first you need good rice - - - - -

Imperial Rituals in Japan
The Emperor, embodying the god of the ripened rice plant, plants the first rice of the spring and harvests rice from the plants of the autumn. In one of the most solemn Shinto ceremonies of the year the Emperor, acting as the country's chief Shinto priest, ritually sows rice in the royal rice paddy on the grounds of the Imperial Palace.



. The Japanese Rice Culture 稲 ine, the rice plant .


. Ise Jingū 伊勢神宮 and the Rice Culture of Japan .
Ise no o-taue 伊勢の御田植 planting rice at Ise Shrine


. Inari Ōkami 稲荷大神 Protector Deity of the Rice Harvest .


- - - - - Second
for a good sake, tasty water is also a necessity given by the deities of Japan.
Water, well water, spring water of Japan 日本の水 - 水の神様 


- - - - - Third
kooji 麹 Aspergillus oryzae, Sake koji, for fermentation

Steamed rice and koji (rice cultivated with koji mold, technically known as aspergillus oryzae) are first mixed with yeast to make a yeast starter, in which there is a very high concentration of yeast cells. After that, more rice, koji, and water are added in three batches over four days.
This mash is allowed to sit from 18 to 32 days, after which it is pressed, filtered and blended.
- source : John Gauntner

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CLICK for more photos !

quote
Matsuo Taisha, sometimes known as Matsu no o taisha
(まつのおたいしゃ)
, is an interesting ancient shrine on the outskirts of Kyoto that offers a little more to see and do than most of the often visited shrines in the area. It is also less crowded.

Located near Arashiyama, it was founded in 701, almost 100 years before the founding of Kyoto. It was founded by the head of the Hata clan, an immigrant clan that ruled the area before the moving of the capital from Nara. The Hata also founded the famous Fushimi Inari Shrine and temple Koryu-Ji.

The Hata were instrumental in bringing sake brewing techniques from Korea,
and the shrine has a deep and long association with sake brewers, who still take water from the
sacred well Kame no I 亀の井, the Well of the Turtle / Tortoise , located in the precincts behind the waterfall Reiki no Taki.
The water causes longevity and revival and is also used for Miso paste production.
So the sake brewers and miso makers come here to pray and bring their offerings.



CLICK for more photos !


. The Hata Clan 秦氏 Hata Uji .
and the Korean and Christian connection


- quote -
Honden
Since the time the Hata clan founded the shrine, the Honden, or the main shrine building, has been through several reconstructions, and the present one was built in 1397 and repaired in 1542 during the Muromachi period. Because of its unique style of roof, which is called Matsuo-zukuri, or Matsuo style, the Honden has been designated as an important cultural property.


Shofu-en松風苑
Shofu-en has three famous gardens: Iwakura, Horai and Kyokusui. These gardens were designed by Mirei Shigemori during the Showa era. They are not so old but are among the greatest of the works made after the Meiji era. He designed them with a combination of rocks, and the opposite ideas of “stillness” and “movement” are harmonized well.

Iwakura Garden 磐座 (The ancient era style) Joko Garden 上古の庭
This garden was made to be the spiritual place for the god of Mt. Matsuo. Two main boulders symbolize the god and the goddess who are enshrined in this shrine. Other rocks around them represent dieties dependent on the main ones.

Horai Garden (Kamakura era style) 蓬莱の庭
The Kaiyu style, which you can enjoy by walking around the garden, is used here, and there are islands in the pond. In this garden, we can imagine a place where an unworldly man lives. It is said that this garden expresses Horai ideas, which include a longing for a world where people will not grow old and die.

Kyokusui Garden (Heian era style) 曲水の庭
The Heian era, when Matsunoo Grand Shrine was most prosperous, is the theme of this garden. Water channels its way along the foot of a hill, curving seven times, and there are many glaucous (light blue and green) rocks on the hill. The design is simple, but its color scheme is unique.
- source : thekyotoproject.org

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- quote -
It is said that during the move of the capital from Nagaoka to Kyoto, a noble saw a turtle(kame) bathing under the spring's waterfall and created a shrine there. It is one of the oldest shrines in the Kyoto area, its founding extending back to 700 AD. The restorative properties of the spring bring many local sake and miso companies to the shrine for prayers that their product will be blessed.

The shrine also serves a kinpaku (gold leaf filled) miki (or blessed sake) during hatsumode first shrine visit in the New Year.
- source : wikipedia

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- - - - - Deities in residence

Ooyama kui no kami, Oyamakui no Kami 大山咋神 (くいのかみ) Kui no Kami, Oyamagui no Kami, Oo-yamagui-no-kami おおやまぐいのかみ
- - - - - and
Ichi kishima hime no mikoto, Ichikishima Hime no Mikoto
市杵島姫命 / 一杵島姫の命(いちきしまひめのみこと)
also known as 中津島姫命 Nakatsushima Hime no Mikoto, a female deity protecting travellers.
- - - - - and
Tsukiyomi no mikoto 月読命

The deity Ôyamagui no kami, better known as Sanoo, 山王 "Mountain King", is enshrined at the shrine Hie Jinja in Shiga Prefecture and in other Hie shrines throughout Japan. The term dates back to the Buddhist priests at temple Enryaku-Ji on Mount Hiei in Kyoto, who worshiped this "god of the mountain".

. Sanno, Sanoo 山王 the "Mountain King" .
and Hiyoshi Taisha 日吉大社 Hiyoshi taisha





中津島姫命 Nakatsushima hime no mikoto

. Ichikishima Hime no Mikoto 杵島比売命 .
One of the three deities that will bring beauty.
Utsukushi Gozen Sha 美御前社


Tsukiyomi no mikoto 月読命
- quote -
Other names: Tsuki no kami (Nihongi), Tsukiyomi no mikoto,
Tsukiyumi no mikoto (Nihongi).
The second of Izanagi and Izanami's "three noble children," and usually considered a male kami with rule over the night. The name tsuku-yomi is thought to be originally related to the lunar calendar, and refers to the "reading" (yomu) of the phases of the "moon" (tsuki). According to Kojiki and an "alternate writing" in Nihongi, Tsukuyomi came into being when Izanagi washed his right eye as he was undergoing ablution. Tsukuyomi was entrusted by Izanagi with rule variously over the sea (Nihongi) or over the realm of night (Kojiki). In the main account of Nihongi, Tsukuyomi is produced jointly from Izanagi and Izanami, and is entrusted to the sky as a complement to the sun kami. In another "alternate writing" related by Nihongi, Tsukuyomi comes into being from the white copper mirror held in Izanagi's right hand. These accounts of the kami's genesis, involving the juxtaposition of left eye to right eye, left hand to right hand, and sun to moon, tend to agree with the interpretation of Tsukuyomi as a male counterpart to Amaterasu, who is commonly considered female.

In Kojiki, Tsukuyomi does not appear again after the anecdote regarding his birth, but an "alternate writing" in Nihongi relates that Tsukuyomi originally resided together with Amaterasu in heaven, but after killing the kami of foods Ukemochi, he was condemned by Amaterasu as an "evil kami" and forced to live apart from the sun, resulting in the separation of day and night.

Nihongi's record of Emperor Kensō includes an episode in which a human medium delivers an oracle of the moon kami stating that land should be offered to the kami Takamimusuhi. The fact that the aforementioned "alternate writing" transmitted by Nihongi describes Tsukuyomi as ruler of the sea and killer of the food deity Ukemochi gives him characteristics in common with the kami Susanoo; in consideration of the theme of the killing of the food deity and the relation of the moon to harvest in the lunar calendar, Tsukuyomi can be considered a tutelary of agriculture.

Tsukuyomi is the object of worship (saijin) at the detached shrine (betsugū) Tsukuyomi no Miya of the Grand Shrines of Ise (Ise Jingū), as well as at several shrines listed in the Engishiki (see shikinaisha) in the Yamashiro and Ise areas.
- source : Mori Mizue - Kokugakuin 2005


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shuin 朱印 stamp of the shrine





o-sake お酒に関するお守り -  3 amulets related to sake
服酒守 - for sake drinkers
お酒を醸る人 - for sake brewers
お酒の販売に関わるお守り for sake sellers





omamori お守り - click for more amulets



Matsunoo Taisha Shrine
Matsunoo Taisha Shrine, familiarly known as Matsuo-san, is the dominant Shinto shrine in the western part of Kyoto, and serves residents of Nishikyo-ku, Ukyoku, Shimogyo-ku and Minami-ku : about one third of Kyoto's population.

Unlike most shrines, it features a massive outer gate with two guardian deities, and among its other treasures are three of the oldest and best-preserved solid wood carved images, presumably representing the three enshrined deities:
Oo-yamagui-no-kami (male), Nakatsu-shima-hime-no-mikoto (female), and Tsukiyomi-no-mikoto (male).
These statues alone are worth a visit, and along the way one passes through various gardens and can visit the numinous waterfall tricking down from Mount Matsuo (also known as Wakeikazuchi no Yama).

It is said that a lord of the Hata clan was riding in the area and saw a tortoise in the stream at the foot of the waterfall.
From that time worship started. Matsuo Shrine was founded in 701 c.e., making it one of the oldest shrines in Kyoto. It was influential in the move of the capital to Nagaoka-kyo and then to Heian-kyo (present day Kyoto).

Tortoises have long been revered in China, Korea, and Japan as emblems of good fortune, particularly long life and good health. The water from this spring is said to be healthful, and the shrine is visited both by ordinary people to get good water and its benefits and by manufacturers of miso paste and sake brewers, who pray for the success of their enterprises.
Throughout the precincts one will see figures of tortoises, the most famous of which is the Kame-no-I, Tortoise Well, near the entrance to the first garden.

The three gardens were built in the Showa era (1975) at great expense and personal effort by Mr. Mirei Shigemori.
- snip -
The shrine complex's oldest building, the inner shrine, dates back to the Muromachi period (1397) and is famous for its unusual roof, which is known as Matsuo-zukuri (Matsuo style) and has been designated an important cultural asset.
On any given day, individuals, families, and businesspeople visit to pray for happiness, health, long life, prosperity, safety, and other wishes.
- source : www.matsunoo.or.jp - english

- Homepage of the Shrine
京都市西京区嵐山宮町3 - Matsunoo-Taisha
- source : www.matsunoo.or.jp

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酒神としての信仰
狂言「福の神」によると、松尾神は「神々の酒奉行である」とされ、
現在も神事に狂言「福の神」が奉納されるほか、酒神として酒造関係者の信仰を集める。その信仰の篤さは神輿庫に積み上げられた、奉納の菰樽の山に顕著である。松尾神を酒神とする信仰は、起源は明らかでないが、一説に渡来系氏族の秦氏が酒造技術に優れたことに由来するともいい(同社御由緒)、『日本書紀』雄略天皇紀に見える「秦酒公」との関連も指摘される[32]。中世以降は貞享元年(1684年)成立の『雍州府志』、井原西鶴の『西鶴織留』に記述が見える。社伝では社殿背後にある霊泉「亀の井」の水を酒に混ぜると腐敗しないといい、醸造家がこれを持ち帰る風習が残っている。
source : wikipedia





Kyogen: Fuku no Kami 福の神 "The Happiness Deity"

- reference -

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- quote -
the venerable Nichizo and Tenjin Sugawara Michizane
. . . once Nichizo prayed at the shrine of the god of Matsunoo to know which Buddha the god came from.
There was a violent thunderstorm and darkness fell. Then a voice from inside the sanctuary said,
"The Buddha Bibashi".
The awed Nichizo went forward and came before an ancient man who had the face of a child.

Japanese Tales - By Royall Tyler
- source : books.google.co.jp


Bibashi Butsu 毘婆尸佛 = Matsunō Daimyōjin 松尾大明神
In Buddhist tradition, Vipassī Vipaśyin (Pāli) is the twenty-second of twenty-eight Buddhas described in Chapter 27 of the Buddhavamsa. The Buddhavamsa is a Buddhist text which describes the life of Gautama Buddha and the twenty-seven Buddhas who preceded him. It is the fourteenth book of the Khuddaka Nikāya, which in turn is part of the Sutta Piṭaka. The Sutta Piṭaka is one of three pitakas (main sections) which together constitute the Tripiṭaka, or Pāli Canon of Theravāda Buddhism.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !




Bibashi Butsu毘婆尸佛


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- Matsunoo Grand Shrine (also known as Matsuo Grand Shrine)
This shrine is the oldest shrine in Kyoto, and the divinity worshipped here is a god of brewing sake. Throughout the year, more than a thousand people who are engaged in brewing sake visit Matsunoo Grand Shrine. There is also a famous well, Kame-no-I, as well as three gardens, and the treasury and Honden have been designated as important cultural properties.

Sake-no-Shiryokan (Museum of Sake)
Since Matsunoo Grand Shrine has housed a god of sake from ancient times, it is believed that sake brewed with water from here will bring people happiness and prosperity. In the Museum of Sake,we can see the tools used in brewing sake that were donated by sake brewers, and also we can learn about the tradition and history of sake.
- source : Maki Mizobata; Natsuki Mitsuya

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- - - - - Yearly Festivals - - - - -

Oshogatsu (New Year's) attracts the biggest crowds, but there are many others : Matsuo Matsuri, when six huge and richly ornamented mikoshi (portable shrines) are carried through the streets to the Katsura River and ferried across, where they will enjoy a sojourn on the other side of the river before returning, again with great merriment, three weeks later on Omatsuri (Okaeri), Ondasai, a rice-protective rite in mid-July ;
Hassakusai (first Sunday in September), to pray for wind and rain to insure a bountiful crop of the "five grains" (rice, wheat, beans, and two kinds of millet), with sumo tournaments and the Yamabuki Kai (women's mikoshi, which goes from the shrine to Arashiyama and back).
Originally all such festivals were held on certain traditional dates, but with urbanization have come changes, so that now the major festivities are scheduled for Sundays.
- source : www.matsunoo.or.jp - english

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松尾大社(まつおたいしゃ) (Reisai Matsuo Taisha, Matsu no O Shrine)
April 2
The deity of the shrine is known as a God of Japanese sake.
Visitors can enjoy a Kyogen performance by the Shigeyama Family and a Noh performance by the Kongo School.

Matsunoo omatsuri oide 松尾祭御出 まつのおまつりおいで
Come to the Matsunoo Festival

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CLICK for more photos


Kangetsu Matsuri, kangetsumatsuri 観月祭
Moon Viewing Festival
On the Full Moon night in September or October

With a great performance of drums and other classical music and
an autumn moon viewinghaiku meeting
観月 俳句大会.

The three gardens are lit up also.

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 Haiku Poet


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Matsu-no-o Taisha (松尾大社, Matsunoo Grand Shrine)
at the foot of Mt. Matsuo (松尾山) in Kyoto. Matsu-no-o Taisha was founded in 701 by Hata-no-Imikitori (秦忌寸都理) who was the leader of immigrant clan Hata-uji (秦氏, Hata clan) at the era, enshrining O-yama-gui-no-kami (大山咋神) as the Hata-uji's comprehensive and tutelary deity (総氏神).

In the legend, O-yama-gui-no-kami descended on a huge rock at the top of Mt. Matsuo at an ancient time, and the rock had been the religious site for local residents since then (usually this kind of holy rock is called Iwakura (磐座)). In 701, Hata-no-Imikitori built the shrine at the current location and transferred the deity's soul there. This is considered as the process of transformation of Shinto from ancient style to modern style by Hata-uji, and this is why Hata-uji is recognized as the important clan who formulated Shinto.

- Shared by Taisaku Nogi -
Joys of Japan, 2012

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The shrine grounds are home to 3,000 rose bushes which are in bloom during April and May.

About 30 years ago, the famous landscape designer and painter, Mirei Shigemori, built (at great expense) three gardens at the shrine, the Iwakura Garden, in ancient style, the Horai Garden, in Kamakura era style, and the Kyokusui Garden, in Heian era style.
They are considered some of the best modern gardens in Japan.
source : www.japanvisitor.com


. Shigemori Mirei 重森 三玲 Mirei Shigemori (1896-1975) .

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kaiun sake 開運酒 Sake for your Good Luck
(土井酒造場)



- source : kaiunsake.com


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亀の井酒造 Kamenoi Sake Brewery



- source : Kamenoi Shuzo in Yamagata Prefecture


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. Jindaisugi 神代 杉 
"Pine of the Gods" sacred sake 御神酒 omiki, o-miki .

shrine Tamaki Jinja 玉置神社 - Totsukawa Village, Yoshino County, Nara Prefecture

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- Reference : 松尾大社

- Reference : English


. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .


The farmhouse is a temple between the fields and the woods.
The fields stand for the work of cultivation, the woods are untamed nature.
. ta no kami 田の神さま Deity of rice fields .
in autumn it turns to
yama no kami 山の神 Deity of the Mountains
-
noogami 農神 / ノウガミ様 - obosuna sama オボスナ様 / おぼすな様 Ubusuna deity
deity for agriculture, especially the rice fields and sake rituals.


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- - - - - More shrines with strong connections to sake


Saka Jinja 佐香神社 in Izumo - Matsuō Shrine
島根県出雲市小境町108 / 110 Kozakaicho, Izumo, Shimane


CLICK for more photos of this sake shrine !

- quote -
Doburoku Sake Festival at Saka-jinja Shrine (Matsuo-jinja Shrine) in Kozakai Town

On October 13th, Saka-jinja Shrine held a festival to celebrate the birthday of Kusu-no-kami, the god of sake (Japanese rice wine) brewing.

Despite the heavy winds and torrential downpour brought by typhoon 19, many people attended the festival. On this day, festival-goers come to the shrine grounds and pray to Kusu-no-kami. Once they are spiritually cleansed by washing their hands and mouth, they don white robes that signify their purity and are then allowed to drink the doburoku sake, which is a type of sacred sake now considered to be a part of the local culture of Izumo. One of the unique traits of this sake is that the softened grains of rice are not removed before serving, making the drink itself look very similar to soupy rice porridge.

We had the opportunity to speak with the very friendly head priest of the shrine and learned that the doburoku sake is made of locally grown Yamada-nishiki rice (a strain of rice that is used by top sake brewers) grown in a nearby rice field.

The chance to try doburoku sake comes only once a year at the Doburoku Sake Festival on October 13th, so mark your calendars and visit next year if you have the chance!
- source : facebook


- quote -
Shimane, the Birthplace of Sake
- snip - during Kami-ari-zuki, when the gods have all gathered at Izumo Taisha, they enjoy drinking sake together. This can be traced back to another connection between mythology and sake in a story found in the Izumo-no-kuni Fudoki. One of the functions of this text was to give the origins of location names, and for the origin of an area named Saka, it gives the following story:

Long ago, a great number of gods gathered along the banks of a river in this area, and set up a kitchen to prepare food and drink. Then they made sake, and spent the next 180 days drinking, after which they went their separate ways. The term used to describe this is sakamizuki, and from that word, the area got its name of Saka.

That place is now Kozakai-cho in the Hirata area of Izumo City. Through the years, the place name changed several times, but the character for sake was often used. A small shrine in the area, Saka Shrine, preserves the original place name, which is another way the character for sake is pronounced. The shrine also goes by the name Matsuo Shrine, which is the name used for shrines throughout the country that enshrine the deity of sake brewing, Kusu-no-kami.

- - - - - Read more :
- source : www.japanesemythology.jp

Kusu no kami久斯之神(くすのかみ)
another name for

. Sukunahikona Mikoto 少彦名命 / 少名毘古那神 Sukuna Hikona, Sukuna-Bikona .

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. Hibita Jinja 比々多神社 .
1472 Sannomiya, Isehara, Kanagawa


. Sakaori no Miya 酒折宮 .
Kofu 甲府市の東部

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Oomiwa Jinja 大神神社(おおみわじんじゃ)Omiwa Jinja
Sake no Kamisama 酒の神様 The Deity of Sake
In ancient documents, miki is also called miwa, and the deity Miwa no kami三輪の神 is thus famous as the kami who presides over sake.
also known as Miwa Shrine, is a Shinto shrine located in Sakurai, Nara, Japan.
- source : gekkeikan.co.jp

. Shrine Omiwa Jinja 大三輪神社 .
- Introduction -


God of chief brewer of Sake brewery-Ikuhi Shrine
Why Miwa is being called as the birthplace of Sake? The answer can be found from the description in chronicles of Japan.
Ikuhinomikoto Takahashi 「高橋活日命(たかはしいくひのみこと」 
此の神酒は 我が神酒ならず 倭なす 
大物主の 醸みし神酒 幾久幾久」

"This Sake for God is not made by me
but it is made by deity of who creates Japan.
The glorious will last even after few generations."

- source : imanishisyuzou.com -

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Oosake Jinja 大酒神社 Osake Jinja - 大辟(おおさけ)神社、大酒明神
京都市右京区太秦東蜂岡町
Deities in residence
秦始皇帝、弓月王、秦酒公 兄媛命、弟媛命(呉織女、漢織女)
- source : bell.jp/pancho
tba


. Konohana sakuya hime 木花之佐久夜毘売 .
godess of Sake (and Mount Fuji)


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- - - - -  H A I K U  - - - -

There are shines named - - - Matsuo Jinja松尾神社

dedicated to the haiku poet
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 Haiku Poet

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SAKE, SHINTŌ AND DIVINE CONNECTIONS
Condensed Guide to Sake-Related Gods, Shrines, Rites, and Festivals
by Mark Schumacher and Gabi Greve - (tba)


Sake 酒 -- known as Nihonshu 日本酒 or rice wine.
In olden days, sake was produced in the shrine’s Sakadono 酒殿 (wine hall). At religious ceremonies, the communal partaking of Miki 神酒 (another name for sake) is called Naorai 直会. The Naoraiden 直会殿 (or Noraidono 直会殿 or Gesaiden 解斎殿) is the name of the shrine building where priests retire after offering food and drink to the gods.
Various types of ritual sake -- e.g., Shiroki 白酒 (light) and Kuroki 黒酒 (dark) -- are typically presented as offerings at important festivals (such as the Niinamesai and Daijosai festivals). According to the Engi Shiki 延喜式 (Procedures of the Engi Era, 901 - 923 AD), divination was performed prior to production to determine what rice to use, and from what region to harvest. Dark sake was often made by mixing in the ashes of the Kusaki 草木 (type of arrowroot) or Utsugi 空木 (Deutzia scabra).

Inside the Shrine - Shintō Concepts, What’s What
. Mark Schumacher .


. Sake 酒 rice wine for rituals and festivals .


. Yokai Sake 妖怪 酒 and local monster legends .


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[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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Sake rituals festivals

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Sake 酒 rice wine for rituals and festivals

- quote -
Sake and Japanese Culture
The god of sake was also the god of rice growing and harvesting.
So when the people prayed for good growing conditions and thanked the god for a good harvest, they connected with the god of sake. Sake linked the people to their gods, and then linked people together in congeniality. In this way, sake took on a vital role in religious festivities, agricultural rites, and many different ceremonial events, from marriages to funerals.
. . . Sake is more than a drink taken to enjoy a tipsy time — it also serves a vital social purpose at the defining moments in life.
- quote by Takeo Koizumi -


. sake 酒 saké, saki - Japanese rice wine .
- Introduction -


The following is a summary of the many pages about Sake in the Darumapedia.
It will be updated regularly, so please come back visiting.

Gabi Greve, April 2015

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- - - - - Offerings of sake barrels from the breweries


CLICK for more photos !

. Matsunoo Taisha 松尾大社 Matsunoo Grand Shrine
Matsuno'o Taisha - Matsu-no-o .

A shrine to celebrate the making, selling and drinking of Sake.

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- - - - - Sake for Rituals - - - - -


Before cutting down a big cedar tree, the wood cutter pours a cup of sake on the stem and roots of the tree and says a short prayer.
Then the chainsaw starts to work.

Gabi Greve, in my garden, April 2015


oshaku, o-shaku お酌 pouring sake
Drinking sake is a social event.
You never pour your own cup, but have a friend (or payed geisha) sit at your side for that purpose.
Once your own cup is emptied, you pour a drink for the other person.


There are special manner manuals on how to do this properly.
- source : www.f-maeda.com



shukuhai 祝杯 sake for a toast on an auspicious situation


source : marippe3.exblog.j

sharing a drink
with eternal friends -
spring in the air


Gabi Greve, April 2015


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. miki, shinshu お神酒 Sake of the Gods .
- quote -
Rice wine (sake) offered to the kami, a necessary part of the food offerings known as shinsen. Usually referred to as omiki, or alternately as shinshu, the term miki is a combination of two characters, the honorific mi and the character for "wine" (ki).
. . . . . In ancient documents, miki is also called miwa, and the deity Miwa no kami三輪の神 is thus famous as the kami who presides over sake.
- source : Saito Michiko


- quote -
The religious use of sake (o-miki お神酒)
In the word o-miki, the reading "ki" is assigned to the character for sake. As such, the final meaning would again be akin to "the sake that helps one prosper," but perhaps this time there is a bit more of a religious association. Linguistically, sakae-no-ki changed to sakae-no-ke, sakae-ke and sake-ke before arriving at the vernacular manifestation we use today.
- source : John Gauntner


. sakaki 榊 sakaki tree, Cleyera japonica, masakaki .
The sacred tree of Japanese Shinto.

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otoso, o-toso お屠蘇 -お屠蘇 seasoned sweet rice wine

In the Edo period, Mirin was drunk as a sweet sake. Otoso, traditionally drunk on Shōgatsu New Year was made by soaking a spice mixture in mirin. It can be seen as a kind of herbal medicine for a long life.
In the Kansai style of cooking, mirin is briefly boiled before using, to allow some of the alcohol to evaporate, while in the Kantō regional style, the mirin is used untreated. Kansai-style boiled mirin is called nikiri mirin (煮切り味醂), literally "thoroughly boiled mirin."

. mirin 味醂 - みりん sweet rice wine

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sansan kudo. san san kudo  三三九度 
“thrice three, nine times”- “three three nine times”




- quote -
Japanese Wedding Traditions: San San Kudo
This ceremony is a ritualized drinking of sake by the couple, and sometimes their parents as well which serves as a binding ceremony. There are three sakazuki (ceremonial sake cups) stacked one on top of the other in a tier. Both the bride and the groom sip from each cup three times, hence the “three three nine times”. Three cannot be divided in two, making it a particularly lucky number for a wedding in Japanese culture.
- Symbolism in a San San Kudo Ceremony
There are many different ideas about the symbolism of the three sake cups. Some believe it represents heaven, earth, and mankind, others believe it represents the love, wisdom, and happiness which grow over time in a marriage. Another source says the three cups represents three human flaws of hatred, passion, and ignorance.
- Variations of San San Kudo
Because this is such an old tradition, there are many variations. For example, sometimes parents join which expands the symbolism of three, as there are now three couples. Occasionally, couples only sip three times (only once on each cup), instead of three times on each cup. Technically, this is incorrect, as the name defines the ceremony as “three three nine times”.
- source : www.japanesestyle.com



kenpai 献盃 offering a drink

. Kenpaishiki 献盃式 in memory of Saint Shinran .
Drinking sake in a memorial service, at temple Honganji and others
January 1.


A special form of "social drinking" at a naorai直会(なおらい) party:


CLICK for more photos !

After some meetings and rituals and also at the winning party of a sumo wrestler, a large sake cup 大杯 is handed around and each one has to take a sip.

. Naorai 直会 banquet that accompanies a matsuri .


. Naorai at Kashima Shrine 鹿島神宮 Kashima Jingu .

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. enju hai 延寿盃 Enju sake cup for a long life .
New Year ceremony enju sai延寿祭 at Kashihara Jingu 橿原神宮, Nara


. hana no sake 花の酒 rice wine for blossom viewing .
..... hanamizake 花見酒 sake for the spring cherry blossom Hanami


. hatsumoode 初詣 first shrine visit of the New Year .
Often there are edible gold flakes in the first auspicious sake cup.


. jichinsai 地鎮祭 ground-breaking ceremony .
Before construction work, to pacify the earth deity and to purify the spot where construction will be carried out.


. jirooshu 治聾酒 sake to cure deafness .


. Kaenashi no kenpai 栢梨の献盃 .
a ritual drink of sake brewed with the juice of Japanese pears (nashi) from the village of Kaenashi in Settsu province 摂津国栢梨.
For the butsumyooe仏名会 Buddha's Name Ceremony in winter.


. kijizake (kiji sake) 雉子酒, "pheasant ricewine" .
. . . . . kiji shu 雉子酒 / o kiji おきじ
Offered to all New Year visitors to the Emperor's palace.


. kiku no sake 菊の酒 chrysanthemum sake .
kikuzake 菊酒 - kikuka no sake 菊花の酒
for the Chrysanthemum Festival in September
- and
gumi no sake 茱萸の酒 sake with silverberries - for a long life


. nihonshu no hi 日本酒の日 Sake Day - October 01 .

ogi nite sake kumu 扇にて酒くむ
. drinking sake from a hand fan - a dance .


. tsukimizake 月見酒 drinking sake while moon viewing .

. yukimizake 雪見酒 drinking sake whilst viewing the snow falling .



Many rituals are also kigo for haiku.
. WKD - Ricewine, rice wine (sake, saké, saki) Reiswein .

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- - - - - Sake Festivals - - - - -

sake matsuri 酒祭り - Sake festivals are very popular !

- reference - 酒祭り
- reference - Sake festival

Most festivals have a religious origin, but some are now rather commercial with the objective to sell local sake.

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- - - ABC-order of the festival name


doburoku sai どぶろく祭 Doburoku festival

At the shrine 白川八幡神社 Shirakawa Hachimangu in Gifu, there is a festival where doburoku rice wine is brewed for this shrine festival and then served to more than 5000 visitors.



Gifu 岐阜県 Hagimachi 萩町

doburoku どぶろく / 濁酒 nigorizake 濁り酒, unrefined sake
. Food and Drink from Gifu prefecture 岐阜県 .

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. Furukawa no okoshi daiko 古川の起し太鼓 "wake-up drums from Furukawa"
The participants wear white headband, white “tabi (Japanese socks)” and stomach band made from bleached cotton. Hida in mid April is still chilly and blows cold wind at night, but it has no effect to their body heated with sake and high spirits.
Gifu, 飛騨古川 Hida Furukawa town


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. Iriya Jinja Hokake Matsuri 揖屋神社 穂掛祭 . - Matsue
. . . the crowd is given super yummy sake in bamboo cups.


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. Kanda Myoojin Matsuri 神田明神祭り Kanda Myojin Festival . Edo / Tokyo
In summer for the Sanno Festival and in autumn for the Kanda festival rich merchants put a golden folding screen in front or their shop, placed a wooden stand in front of it (sanpoo 三方) and put up some offerings of sacred rice wine (miki お神酒) .


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Kyokusui no En 曲水の宴 "floating poems on water"


CLICK for more photos !

A poetry ritual held at various shrines and parks in Japan.
Kyokusui was a pastime of the nobility in ancient times. A lacquer sake cup was set adrift in a stream and the participants, watching on a downstream bank, had to compose a short poem and then drink the sake in the cup when it reached them.

- reference -

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. Saikusa matsuri 三枝祭 Saikusa Lily Festival
Isagawa jinja 率川神社, Nara

During the festival black (nigori) and white sake (pure) (shiroki, kuroki) is poured into two barrels as an offering to the shrine deities. These barrels are decorated with many bamboo lilies from Mount Miwa.
This ritual dates back to the reign of Emperor Monmu Tenno 文武天皇 (701–703).
The black sake was made with ash. Sake brewers added ash of camellia and evergreen trees as a way to cut the acidity.
Sake made in Izumo, Higo and Satsuma were especially famous for their black coloring.


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Sake Matsuri Hibita Jinja 酒祭 - 比々多神社
An the end of November

Sake brewers from all over Japan come here to pray.


. Hibita Jinja 比々多神社 .
1472 Sannomiya, Isehara, Kanagawa

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Sake Matsuri Saijo 酒まつりは西条 - Hiroshima
Hiroshima annually ranks 4th or 5th in volume of sake produced, and Saijo is one of Japan’s most famous brewing districts. In celebration of this, once a year everyone goes to the local park and attempts to drink as much of it as possible.

You can wander around the breweries and sample some of their products (the free stuff is generally lower quality though). Or join the masses in the Sake Hiroba酒ひろば in the park, where for ¥1300 (¥1600 on the day) you get your own little cup from which to sample the 900 kinds of sake from all over the country on offer.


If you get there in good time there is plenty of high quality stuff to be had, and it’s a great opportunity to experience the diversity (and potency) of sake. There is no re-admission to the main Sake Hiroba, so if you want to do tour the breweries and stagger around the back streets, you should probably do that first.
- source : gethiroshima.com

- source : sakematsuri.com (Japanese)

There is a special food in Saijo Town:
. bishonabe, bisho nabe 美酒鍋 hodgepodge simmered with sake only .
bisho nabe びしょ鍋 : The workers in a sake factory were called "bisho" , from the sound of splashing water, bisho bisho ビショビショ. For the Chinese characters, the present version was then choosen for more effect, meaning "Beautiful Ricewine"美酒鍋.

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. Sake Summit in Nangai  酒遊サミットinなんがい 
Daisen town, Akita


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. shiritsumi matsuri 尻摘祭 rump-bumping festival
hitting the buttocks festival - rear-end sumo
At Otonashi Jinja 音無神社 Otonashi shrine, Shizuoka


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. Tagata Shrine Fertility Festival 田県神社の豊年祭
Komaki, Nagoya
The festival is fun with a lot of sake drinking, however the background of the festival is rather more serious.


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. Togakushi Soba Festival 戸隠そば祭り
People buy small sake cups on the eve of the festival and eat soba at any (or all!) of the twenty one participating restaurants.
Togakushi Shrine 戸隠神社, Nagano



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End-of-season Festivities:
Koshiki-daoshi and Kaizou
- source : John Gauntner's Sake World

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The Buddhist version of Sake is called
the Water of Wisdom, Hanya no Mizu,般若の水,
and consumed even by monks and priests at prestigeous temple compounds.
source : The Insider's Guide to Sake - Philip Harper




. Sake, Ricewine and Daruma .
Nihonshu 日本酒 the Drink of Japan





masumasu Daruma 升々だるま
- - - - - masumasu ますます 【益々】/  升ます
... is an expression for things getting better and better.

. masuzake, masu sake 升酒 rice wine served in a wooden masu .


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- - - - - Other references to Sake - - - - -


. Azuki-Arai 小豆洗い Monster washing azuki beans .
a sake label


. Doosojin 道祖神 Dosojin Wayside Deities .
Some couples are exchanging a coup of sake (shuugizoo 祝儀像).
Usually he holds the small cup and she pours for him. Or he holds a ladle and she holds a fan (杓扇).


. Fujiwara no Hidehira 藤原秀衡 (1122? - 1187) .
Yoshitsune and Benkei  義経と弁慶
Hidehira had his son promise to continue to shelter Yoshitsune and his retainer Benkei, but the son gave into Yoritomo and surrounded the castle with his troops, forcing Yoshitsune to commit seppuku (his head would be preserved in sake and given to Yoritomo) and resulting in the famous standing death of Benkei. Yoritomo destroyed the Fujiwara domain and killed Hidehira's son.


. - Kizakura Gekkeikan キザクラ 黄桜 "Yellow Cherry Blossom" - .
Sake and the Kappaかっぱ water goblin





. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 the haiku poet and his sake and sakazuki .
. . . and poems about people being drunk . . .
ararezake あられ酒 "Hail Wine" from Nara
There is also a sweet potato schnaps with this name.



. sakazuki 杯/盃/坏 small cup for sake .
choku, ochoku ちょく【猪口】Choko, O-choko and  食いのみ guinomi


. Sake no Hosomichi 酒のほそ道 "The Narrow Roads of Ricewine" .
Razuweru Hosoki ラズウェル細木 Rozwell Hosoki


. Suzumon 鈴 家紋 Suzumon Family Clan .
Suzumon and Sake
Sake has been linked so closely to shrines that we have a common saying “sacred sake is offered to every god”. Since the gratitude and prayer for good harvest of rice are key elements of Shinto, sake, or rice wine, is essential for festivals and rituals. Therefore, it was common that priests brewed sake in shrines.
. . . Long-lasting sake brewing since ancient times is handiwork that predecessors respecting gods and nature have cultivated. Suzumon continues to dedicate our sake to Toyoakizu shrine, our local tutelary god, and Kumano Hongu Taisha shrine, which our ancestor has a link with, when the Rei-taisai festivals (regular rites and festivals) are held, cherishing our link with these shrines.


. tokkuri 徳利  sake flask .
kayoi-tokkuri, kayoidokkuri, kayoi-dokkuri  通い徳利 
binboo tokkuri, binboodokkuri 貧乏徳利 for the poor
binboodaru 貧乏樽 bimbodaru, Tokkuri for the poor
- - - - - atsukan 熱カン hot rice wine in a tokkuri
- - - - - sakedaru 酒樽 sake barrel




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. Mingei 民芸 Folk Art of Japan .
CLICK on the photos below for more sake and mingei times !




. dorei どれい / 土鈴 clay bells .







. kokeshi こけし wooden dolls .






. tenugui 手ぬぐい small hand towels .


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Inside the Shrine - Shintō Concepts, What’s What
. Mark Schumacher .



. Matsunoo Taisha 松尾大社 Matsunoo Grand Shrine
Matsuno'o Taisha - Matsu-no-o .

A shrine in Kyoto to celebrate the making, selling and drinking of Sake.
-
Also introducing other shrines closely related to sake.


. Yokai Sake 妖怪 酒 and local monster legends .



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. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .

- #sakerituals #sakefestivals #reiswein -
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[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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Sake yokai Legends

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[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
. Japanese Legends and Folktales - Introduction - .
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source : d.hatena.ne.jp/lifepia

Sake 酒 and local (monster) legends 妖怪伝説

. Sake 酒 rice wine for rituals and festivals .
- Introduction

The following legends, stories and memos are collected from the Yokai Database.
- source : www.nichibun.ac.jp



. Sake and Fudo Myo-O 不動明王 .

. Sake and Jizo Bosatsu 地蔵菩薩 .


. Tanuki the badger and Sake Legends 狸とお酒 .

. Sake Legends and Buddhist Temples 酒とお寺 .

. Sake Legends and Shinto Shrines 酒と神社 .

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. Shuten Dōji 酒呑童子 Shuten Doji "Sake Child" Yokai Monster .



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. Azuki-Arai 小豆洗い Monster washing azuki beans .
a sake label

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Akita 秋田県

北秋田郡 Kita Akita gun 上小阿仁村 Kamiko Ani (Kamikoani)

kaijuu 怪獣 the wild beast
In the small hamlet of Kamibutsusha 上仏社集落 someone wanted to cut down a tree of Japanese pears (nashi 梨の木) near the swamp ガニ沼 Ganinuma.
But there lived a wild beast of unknown features. So he offered some o-miki and rice bran to appease the beast. After the man left, someone eat all these offerings.
Ani village is famous for the many bear hunters.

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Aomori 青森県

anzan no kami安産の神,子安さま Deity for an easy birth
This deity is venerated in the homes of midwives. At the 23th day of the first lunar month (now January) they pray for a safe delivery and health of the children they help to deliver. The women they had helped in the past year and the pregnant one's she is advising come to her home and celebrate, with food and o-miki.
Some thank the deity for the birth in the past year, others pray for easy delivery in the coming year with o-miki.

. azan kosodate 安産子育て amulets for children .

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niijusanya sama 二十三夜様, Seishi Bosatsu 勢至菩薩
In the hamlet of 田子町 矢田郎 Yataro (Takko village) the rituals on day 23 (usually in mid-autumn) are performed. In the home of the ritual master they hang up a scroll with Seishi Bosatsu and light candles. O-miki is offered and then drunk by all participants. The good fortunes of the future are divined by the weather:
If the moon comes up on a clear sky with no clouds, the harvest will be good.
If the moon is not visible due to clouds there will be a bad harvest.
At the hamlet 福地村法師岡 Hoshioka (Fukuchi village) this is also the day to pray for the Deity of Easy Delivery (see above).
At the hamlet 十和田市栃ノ沢 Tochinosawa (Towada town) this is the same as the day of the deity 秋葉様 Akiba sama and also a festival for children.



. nijuusanya 二十三夜 moon on day 23 .

. Akiba no Kamisama 秋葉神様 and Kamagami 釜神 The Hearth Deity .

. Akibagongen 秋葉権現 Akiba Gongen .

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noogami農神 / ノウガミ様 - obosuna samaオボスナ様 / おぼすな様
deity for agriculture, especially the rice fields
On the 16th day of the ninth lunar month (now celebrated on September 16) this deity takes the seeds and goes back to heaven.
Farmers prepare 16 round mochi rice cakes , ナベダンゴ meat balls, auspicious rice with red beans, boiled vegetables with beans and other food offerings. At the sanctuary of the deity they offer o-miki, sweets and the food and then take it home to their own shelf of the gods as offerings, often twice a day, in the morning and in the evening.
- - - - - obosuna is the local dialect for Ubusuna.


. ta no kami 田の神さま Deity of the Rice Fields .

. ubusunagami 産土神 Ubusuna Deity of one's birthplace .

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odeshiko samaオデシコ様 deeshiko デエシコ - odaishiko samaオダイシコ様
Its festival is on the 24th day of the 10th lunar month.
As a food offering nabedango ナベダンゴ meat balls are prepared, with three pairs of special chopsticks made from wood of the peach tree and kaya 茅 miscanthus. One pair must be longer than the other two. Beside the food, o-miki is offered on the shelf of the Gods.
In former times farmers also offered rice gruel with red beans 小豆粥.

The origin of this odaishiko deity is not clear.
Some sources say it is a deity venerated by poor farmers with many children.

- reference -


. hashi, ohashi, o-hashi お箸 chopsticks .

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Ehime 愛媛県

大洲市 Ozu 蔵川村 Kurakawa

In the year 享保5年 1720 in autumn a farmer from Otani village walked along the 観音堂 Kannon Hall of Kurakawa village, when he saw a woman washing clothes in the small river. She told him it was quite dangerous to walk along the small river in the dark and invited him to her home. She gave him a bamboo tube filled with sake, which he drank and then fell asleep.
When he woke up the next morning he found himself lying near a fresh grave of someone and the sake he had drunk last night was in fact the liquid of the sacred Shikimi tree.
This grave must have been of an unfortunate woman who died in childbirth or maybe one of a mountain priest from Koya san 高野聖.

. shikimi (シキミ, 樒) Illicium religiosum, Skimmia japonica .

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Fukushima 福島県

原町区泉字宮前 - 相馬市 Soma

Sakaido 酒井戸 the Sake Well
In the beginning of the Kamakura period (1185 - 1333) there was a well near the Kannon Hall観音堂 called 酒井戸 Sakaido (Sake Well). At the time of its founder, the mountain priest 泉長者 Izumi Chosha, there was truly Sake coming out of the well.
Legend knows he came all the way from 紀州熊野 Kumano in Kishu (Wakayama), led by a bird to this place here. From the place where is home was there can still be tiles unearthed.
And the Kannon Hall houses a statue of an eleven-headed Kannon, which was his protector deity.
The local people still come here to pray, but the well now has just very clear water, but no sake.



「いずみのさかいど」 Izumi no Sakaido
- source : city.minamisoma.lg.jp

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Gifu 岐阜県

吉城郡 Yoshiki gun 坂下村 Sakashimo

Yama no Kami 山の神 Deity of the Mountains
On the 9th day of the 2nd lunar month there is a special prayer group for this deity, when he brings the seeds back from the mountains, where he stayed during the winter time. He stays around as "ta no kami", deity of the fields, until the 9th day of the 10th month.
On both of these days it is not allowed to fell a tree before 10 in the morning.
All the menfolk of the village go to a sanctuary of this deity to offer o-miki and gohei mochiゴヘイモチ / 五平餅 grilled rice dumplings.


. yama no kami 山の神 Deity of the Mountains .

. gohei mochi, goheimochi 五平餅 grilled rice dumplings .

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Ibaraki, Ibaragi 茨城県


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Kagawa 香川県

大川郡 Okawa gun 長尾町 Nagao

Amadare Koojin アマダレコウジン ”Kojin deity in the dripping rain”
Sometimes people fall down unconsciuos when leaving the home in a hurry. This is seen as an unlucky meeting with the Kojin deity.
To get better, the person has to offer o-miki to the deity for seven days.

. Kōjin, Koojin 荒神 Kojin, the "Wild Deity" .

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Yooro no Taki 養老の滝 Yoro no Taki Waterfall
Once a pious son scooped some water from the waterfall pool and brought it home to his old parents. When they took a sip - oo wonder - it had turned into sake.


The famous Yōrō Falls (養老の滝, Yōrō no Taki) is a waterfall in Yōrō Park located in the town of Yōrō, Yōrō District, Gifu, Japan.
There are a few other waterfalls in Japan with this name.

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Kumamoto 熊本県

yamawaro ヤマワロ / 山童 "child of the mountain"
When entering a mountain forest for work the woodcutters have to take some o-miki.
Sometimes, when after a lot of effort with the saw a tree would still not fall, it was said to be the bad influence of the "Mountain Child". So they had to offer him some o-miki and ask him to go away elsewhere.
Also when other unforeseen things happened during the work in the mountain forest they would offer o-miki and ask for help.


- source : yokai.com -


. Yamawaro 山童 and Kappa 河童 .
- Introduction -

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Nagasaki 長崎県

西海市 Saikai 西彼町 Seihi

Suijin sawari 水神ざわり Taboos for the Deity of Water
There are many taboos about rivers providing drinking water, related to Suijin 水神 the Deity of Water,
Do not throw pottery or metal things into the river, do not expose your own body in the river.
If there are sick people in the family, the water deity of their well seems to be offended 水神様のおさわり. In that case you have to offer o-miki, salt and rice to the deity to get healed.


. - suijin 水神 water deity - .

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Gaappa ガーッパ Kappa
In the rivers near Seihi village there live many Gaappa (Kappa in local dialect).
There are many nice river pools in the shade of willow and other trees. In one of them there is a Gaappa stone ガーッパ石 where people sometimes offer o-miki.
The Gaappa comes donw from the mountains and fields to challenge the farmers to a bout of Sumo wrestling. When the Kappa has to bow the plate on his head will empty and the human wins. But if the Kappa wins it will eat the liver of the human.
Some people get bewitched by the Kappa and begin to wrestle with large fish instead.
Some people preserve the hair of a Kappa torn out while wrestling.
The Gaappa likes raw fish and rice with red beans.

. Kappa 河童伝説 Gaappa Legends from Nagasaki .

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Nagano 長野県

hyootanishi, hyootan-ishi 瓢箪石 the Gourd Stone
Once there was a head of a family who liked to drink far too much and so the Deity got angry at him. He split the gourd container, which the man used to carry his sake around.
And because of this the man died.
Now the gourd cried all night long and wanted to be filled with sake. So the Deity offered the gourd to a Buddhist temple, where it was put on a stone, and then it stopped crying. If someone stepped on this stone, he would get a fit of fever おこり / 瘧.


- - - - - The Hyotan, a popular container for sake!



. hyootan 瓢箪 Hyotan and Sake .


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Nara 奈良県

吉野郡 Yoshino gun 十津川村 Totsukawa mura

Daija 大蛇 The Huge Serpent
Once upon a time someone took a pee in the pool of Maramaki Waterfall ハラマキの滝, where the Huge Serpent lives. To appologize he offered a large bottle of o-miki. But that night the priest who did the offering was moaning and groaning all night and nobody could sleep,

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Niigata 新潟県

上越市 Joetsu
. Offering o-miki at 不動山 Mount Fudoyama .


西頚城郡 Nishi Kubiki gun 能生町 No-O

Kappa 河童 the water goblin
Once a Grandpa living at the river Sennogawa cut off the hand of a Kappa.
So the Kappa took some sake and fish as presents and asked the Grandpa to have his hand back.
The Grandpa made Kappa promise never to harm people or take away their fish catch any more - and then he gave him the hand back.

. Kappa 河童伝説 legends from Niigata .

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三条市 Sanjo town

Tengusama, Tengu sama 天狗様 the Tengu
There lived a Tengu in the mountains who brought a lot of damage to the village at the foot of the mountain.
An oracle of the shrine maiden got the following result:
This is the divine retribution of the Tengu. To appease him you have to offer o-miki to this shrine every year during the New Year celebrations.
When the farmers made the offering, they realized that all the sake was gone until the 8th day of the 10th lunar month of the year - the Tengu had drunk it all.





Tengu no Mai sake 天狗の舞 the dance of Tengu

. Tengu 天狗 the Mountain Goblin .


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source : youkaiyashikizake

Yokai Yashiki Sake 妖怪屋敷酒 Sake with a Monsters Mansion
The monsters on this label are
Hidarugami ひだる神, Karasu Tengu with a beak カラス天狗 and Big Tengu 大天狗


. Hidarugami ヒダル神 Hunger Deity .

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Oita 大分県

佐伯市 Saiki town

Inugami 犬神 "Dog Deity"
Some folks around here hate this deity, others are grateful to it. Some come to it to pray for healing. When they get ill, they call for 祈祷師 a faith healer from Saiki, who offers o-miki and the healing begins.


- quote -
Inugami (犬神, lit. "dog god") is a class of being from Japanese mythology, which is similar to the Shikigami and who belongs to the range of the spirits, the Kami.


as depicted in Sawaki Suushi's Hyakkai-Zukan.

Japanese folklore describes Inugami as zoomorphic or anthropomorphic, dog-like beings, often similar to werewolves. They are masters of black magic.
- - - Traditions
Folklore has it that Inugami can be conjured from a complex and cruel ceremony: A common pet dog must be buried up to his neck, only the head remains free. Then a bowl with food or water must be placed close but in unreachable distance before the snout of the dog. Several days after that, when the dog is about to perish and tortured by hallucinations, his head must be severed and buried beneath a noisy street. After a certain time, head and body must be placed in a well prepared shrine. Now an Inugami can be evoked.

Similar to Shikigami, possessed paper mannequins, Inugami are evoked for criminal activities, such as murdering, kidnapping and mutilation of the victims. If the evoker is perfectly trained, he can order his Inugami to possess humans and manipulate them. The victim is often forced to kill itself or other people, or to act like a lunatic. But Inugami are also said to be very dangerous for the evoker himself: since the Inugami´s soul is blinded by its desire for revenge and its unstoppable rage, the Inugami can quickly escape the master´s control and kill his own evoker.

Families that keep Inugami in their household are called Inugami-mochi (meaning "Those who have a dog-god as a pet"). It´s tradition within these households that family members always marry members from other Inugami-mochi only.
- source : wikipedia

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Kappa 河童 Kappa
One evening when the visitors of the inn went to the beach to enjoy the cool, there was a couple of Kappa. First the visitors thought it was a secret meeting of some humans planning some evil, but then they realized it was Mister and Missus Kappa and they run back to the inn in haste.
From that night on, one of the visitors could not sleep any more at night and kept moaning and groaning.
He hoped 水神様 the Deity of Water would be able to heal him So he offered some o-miki to the bridge at the mouth of river 色利川 Iroigawa - and indeed - he was healed.


. Kappa 河童伝説 legends from Oita .

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Saitama 埼玉県

秩父郡 Chichibu 小鹿野町 Ogano

Tengu 天狗 The Mountain Goblin
Once there was a very experienced woodcutter in the mountains. One day he was about to do a very important job and forgot completely to offer some o-miki to the local Tengu, instead, he offended the Tengu with his words.
While he was at work, the sky suddenly became all black and thunder began to roar. Then a huge boulder, large as a mountain, was flying over the man and his helpers and then fell down, burrying all below the boulder.
This was the revenge of the Tengu, they say.


. Tengu 天狗 the Mountain Goblin .

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Tochigi 栃木県
鹿沼市 粟野町

dodai ishi no tatari 土台石のたたり

ある人の孫が学校に行けなくなった。無理に連れていっても橋の上で胸が苦しいと言って倒れてしまい、家に帰ると治る。太平集落の坊さんに見てもらったら、開田の際に祖先の代の土台石をいじった本めいに当たったのだと言われた。方角が悪いので実家から通わせて、土台石に20日間お神酒を上げて祈願したら、治った。


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Yamagata 山形県

. Fudo Myo-O at 川西町 Kawanishi .


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Yamanashi 山梨県
都留市

kitsune ga hito o bakasu キツネが人を化かす
森嶋いよ子さんが子どもの頃、大幡へ婿にいった人が里帰りして、お酒を飲み、キツネだかなんだか分からないが、フラフラと山で道のないところを行き、狐に化かされているのではないか、と言っていた。

-
大月市
Yama no kamisama ヤマノカミサン
毎月17日は、ヤマノカミサンが怒るといって、生木を切ったり山へ入ったりしてはいけないといわれる。1月21日はオカンムリオトシといって、この日は山へ入って木を切ってはいけないが、お酒を持っていって供える。


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- source -

yokai database : お神酒 / お酒
- source : www.nichibun.ac.jp
for 酒 sake, there are 488 entries -(tba)
莚命酒,霊験 / 不死,酒 / 諸白の酒 / 恵美酒 / 酒魔 / 神酒倉 / .蝶,酒 / 蜂の巣,酒 - and many more

amazake甘酒 sweet rice wine - 15 entries (tba)
甘酒婆 /甘酒地蔵 / ミコ神 / 山姥,鬼,山男,鬼婆
- source : www.nichibun.ac.jp


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shochu 焼酎 monster schnaps labels from Kyushu


source : 気ままに酒ブログ

天盃(福岡)
よけまん(熊本)
の馬(宮崎)
龍宮(鹿児島)
瑞泉(沖縄) awamori from Okinawa

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Inside the Shrine - Shintō Concepts, What’s What
. Mark Schumacher .

. Matsunoo Taisha 松尾大社 Matsunoo Grand Shrine .
- Shinto Shrines related to making, selling and drinking Sake -

. Sake 酒 rice wine for rituals and festivals .

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. Japanese Legends and Folktales - Introduction - .

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .

- #sakelegends -
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Sake Legends Shrines

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. Japanese Legends and Folktales - Introduction - .
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Sake Legends and Shinto Shrines 酒と神社

. Sake 酒 and local (monster) legends 妖怪伝説 .
- Introduction -


. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .


. 松尾大社 Matsunoo Grand Shrine and Sake Brewing .
- Introduction - Sake and Japanese Culture -

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- ABC List of the Prefectures -


Akita 秋田県

. 大威徳神社 Daiitoku Jinja 大威徳山神社 Daiitokusan Jinja .
大威徳明王 Daiitoku Myo-O

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Chiba 千葉県

大鷲神社 Otori Jinja"Eagle Shrine"
3620 安食町 Ajiki, 栄町 Sakae, Inba District, Chiba
and
Ryuukakuji 龍角寺 Temple Ryukaku-Ji

deidaarabochi デエダラボッチ, ダイダラボッチ Daidarabotchi monster
デーデッポ Deedeppo




Some of his 足跡 footprints in Chiba, later turned ponds:
- between 根郷村寺崎 Negomura Terasaki and 太田 Ota
- on the road from 根郷村城 Negormura Castle toward 大篠塚 Oshinozuka
- at 酒々井町酒々井の西井戸 Nishi Ido in Shisui village
- at 酒々井町の下台の谷上り Shisui village
- at 成田町論田 Naritamachi, Ronden

The one at temple 安食町の龍角寺 Ryukaku-Ji in Ajiki village is between 印西 Inzai and 印東 Into, where the monster used to pee.
The swamp 印旛沼 Inbanuma is a left-over from his pee.

The mountain behind the shrine 大鷲神社 was left there when it fell from his back while he was carrying it to a different place.


- quote -
Daidarabotchi (ダイダラボッチ, literally "Giant")
was a gigantic yōkai in Japanese mythology, sometime said to pose as a mountain range when sleeping.



Daidarabotchi's size was so great that his footprints were said to have created innumerable lakes and ponds. In one legend, a Daidarabotchi weighed Mount Fuji and Mount Tsukuba to see which was heavier. But he accidentally split Tsukuba's peak after he was finished with it. The Hitachi no Kuni Fudoki, a recording of the imperial customs in the Hitachi Province compiled in the 8th century, also told of a Daidarabotchi living on a hill west of a post office of Hiratsu Ogushi who fed on giant clams from the beach, piling the shells on top of a hill.

Izumo no Kuni Fudoki also mentions a legendary king of Izumo, Ōmitsunu, who was the grandson of Susano'o and a demi-god. Having the strength of a giant, he performed Kuni-biki, pulling land from Silla with ropes, to increase the size of his territory.
- source : wikipedia


「大鷲神社」and 魂生神社(魂生大明神 Konsei Daimyojin)
- source : sjtsunoda/kisai

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Fukushima 福島県

檜枝岐村 Hinoemata

Yama no Shinkoo 山の神講 The Mountain Deity prayer group
All male villagers of Hinoemata
join this group from the age of 18 to about 30.
Twice a year, in Spring and Autumn, they assemble at the home of the village chief, bringing food for a feast. In the tokonoma alcove they hang a scroll of Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain and stay up all night with lantern light.
Eating the special bandei mochi with a prayer for safety during the work in the mountains, they drink and dance all night. Two special representatives have to stand before the God of the Mountains to perform prayers in the evening and morning, so these two take a seat at the top of the table.
Since the God of the Mountains must be kept pure without ritual pollution, the sake for the god must be served by a woman not married (a virgin).


bandeimochi ばんでい餅 Bandei rice cakes

. Food specialities from Fukushima 福島 .

. yama no kami 山の神 god of the mountains . - in winter
ta no kami 田の神 god of the rice fields - in summer


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Ibaraki 茨城県

江戸崎町 Edosaki

鹿島神社 Kashima Jinja

Yashinboo Doosojin やしんぼ道祖神 Yashinbo Dosojin, "Malicious Dosojin"
yashinbo卑しん坊 means someone who wants anything around him.
Near the Shrine 鹿島神社 Kashima Jinja there are three small stone sanctuaries for these wayside gods.
They offer their help and grant a wish if you bring some o-sake whilst making a wish.
On the other hand, if you take away just one stem of the wild sasa bamboo around, they will get angry and bring harm.
Most farmers who come to worship here bring offerings and clean the place carefully.

. doosojin 道祖神 Dosojin - "wayside gods" .

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酒門町 Sakado

鹿島神社 Kashima Jinja

握り飯はふたつに割って食べなければ罰があたる。それは鹿島神社の神は、片手で地震を起こすナマズを抑えているので両手で食べられない。だから人もそうするのだという。

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Iwate 岩手県

石浜神社 Ishihama Jinja

各家にはエビス・大黒を祀り、石浜神社の境内には竜神様を祀っている。この場所は、昔、定置網に入っていた死んだ亀を埋めたところだという。進水式の時には、船が3回まわって、「竜神様と石浜の神様へ」と言いながらお神酒を海に注ぐ。船霊としては、女の髪の毛やその他のものを船の中に入れたという。

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Kyoto 京都府

福知山市 Fukuchiyama

大江山鬼嶽稲荷神社 Oeyama Onitake Inari Jinja

oni 鬼 Oni, the Monster
一条天皇の頃、大江山に妖賊がでるので退治を命じられた源頼光が、山伏に姿を変えて和田街道へ進み、上川口村宇野花の孫八という農夫孫八に山の案内を頼み鬼の棲家を探す途中三貴神に出遭って道を教えられ、鬼獄稲荷神社で鬼毒酒を賜って鬼降伏祈願をして、やがて首尾よく鬼を退治することができた。

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亀岡市 Kameoka

河河神社 ?

.- Hihi 狒々/ 狒狒 / 比々 Hihi Baboon Monster - .
岩見重太郎 Iwami Jutaro
薄田兼相 Susukida Kanesuke (Susukita) (? - 1615)


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Niigata 新潟県

相川町 Aikawa

北野神社 Kitano Jinja

9月25日の「天神さんの神送り」の日には、鎮守北野神社の祭神天神は、酒を造るために一足先に出雲にたたれるというので、甘酒を供え、赤飯を焚く。


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Tochigi 栃木県

粟野町 Awano

星の宮神社 Hoshinomiya Jinja

Once a man took three barrels of sake away from the Shrine, but after that he became very sick. When he brought them back, he was healed.


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- reference -

yokai database : 酒 神社
- source : www.nichibun.ac.jp (11)


. Sake 酒 and local (monster) legends 妖怪伝説 .

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .

- #shrinelegendssake #sakelegendshrines -
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Sake Legends Temples

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. Japanese Legends and Folktales - Introduction - .
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Sake Legends and Buddhist Temples 酒とお寺

. Sake 酒 and local (monster) legends 妖怪伝説 .
- Introduction -

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters of Japan - .
- Introduction -


source : youkai-heim.jp

酒呑童子先生 Shuten Doji, Saka Doji, our teacher


. Shuten-dōji 酒呑童子 Shuten Doji - Saka Doji - "Sake Child" .
- Introduction -

Below are two temples related to Shuten Doji, from Nara and Niigata (Echigo).


.................................................... Nara 奈良県

Byakugooji 白毫寺 Byakugo-Ji
奈良県奈良市白毫寺町392


- source and more photos : 東風庵

- - - Yamato province birth legend
Shuten Doji was a page acolyte at the temple Byakugō-ji in the Yamato province (presently, Nara Province), but found a corpse at a nearby mountain, and due to curiosity, brought that meat back to the temple, and made his priest teacher eat it without telling him that it was human meat. Afterwards, the page frequently brought back meat, not only from the flesh of corpses, but also by murdering live humans and returning with their flesh. The priest, who thought that it was suspicious, followed after the page, discovered the truth, harshly criticized the page, and abandoned him in a mountain. The page later became Shuten-doji, and it has been said that the place where he was abandoned was thus called “Chigo-saka” (稚児坂 page-hill).



According to another theory,
he was a child of the chief priest of Byakugō-ji, but as he matured, he grew fangs and a horn, and later became a child as rough as a beast. The priest was embarrassed by this child, so the child was abandoned, but the child later came to Mt. Ooe, and became Shuten-doji.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


. Byakugo-Ji and Haiku .


.................................................... Niigata 新潟県 - Echigo 越後

Kokujooji 国上寺 Kokujo-Ji / 運高山国上寺
新潟県燕市国上1407 - Tsubame, Kugami

- Homepage of the temple (one of the oldest in Echigo
- source : kokujouji.com

国上 can be read as Kokujo or Kugami.


CLICK for more photos of the temple !

酒呑童子,茨羅鬼童子 Shuten Doji and Ibaraki Doji

In the village Kugami Mura国上村 near mount 国上山 Kugami there lived a man called Sado Hayato 佐渡隼人. He had no children and therefore went to Mount Togakushiyama to pray for a son. When a son was born he called him
外道丸 Gedomaru. Gedomaru lived as an acolyte at the temple Kokujo-Ji from the age of 7, because he was quite a wild boy and beyond his parent's control. When he was 17 he had become a very handsome yong man. The local ladies began to look at this beautiful boy when he came down from the mountain to have a drink of sake at the lokal inn.
He loved only sake, so the local folks called him 酒呑童子 "Saka Doji""the child of sake".
But he never gave a look at the ladies or cared for their love letters. When he burned the love letters he received from all the females, due to one of the lady who was not able to acquire her love, when the love letters burned, the smoke that came out enveloped him, turning him into an oni 鬼 monster.
Because of this, it was said that he, who had now became an oni, was moving from mountain to mountain in Honshu.

Gedomaru later flew to Mount Togakushi in Shinshu and begun to eat the local people there with crunching sounds.
So they prayed to Togakushi Daigongen 戸隠大権現 and Gedomaru went off.
Other legends locate him at 弥彦山 Yabikoyama in Niigata, but finally he settled at 大江山 Oeyama.

- - - - - Echigo birth legend
He, who was born in Echigo in the Heian era (8th century) when Dengyō Daishi and Kōbō-Daishi were active, became a page of the Kokujou-ji (国上寺) (in Tsubame, Niigata) (at the base of Mt. Kugami, there is a Chigo-dou where he is said to have passed through).
While he was 12 years of age, he was a “pretty boy,” and refused all of the females who loved him, and all of the females who approached him died from being so love-stricken. When he burned the love letters he received from all the females, due to one of the females who was not able to acquire her love, when the love letters burned, the smoke that came out enveloped him, turning him into an oni. Because of this, it was said that he, who became an oni, after moving from mountain to mountain centered on Honshu, eventually settled on Mt. Ooe.
One story is
that he was the son of a blacksmith in Echigo, that he was in his mother’s womb for 16 months, and that he had teeth and hair when he was born, was immediately able to walk, was able to talk on the level of a 5-6 year old, had the wisdom and physical strength of a 16 year old, and had a rough temperament, and due to this unusually ready wit, was shunned as an “oni child.” According to Zentaiheiki, afterwards, when he was 6 years of age, he was abandoned by his mother, wandered from place to place, and then walked the path towards being an oni.
There is also a legend that since he was scorned as an oni child, he was put into custody of a temple, but the chief priest of that temple was a user of unorthodox practices, and the child became an oni through learning those unorthodox practices, that he exhausted the limits of evil.
In the town of Wano和納 (Wanoo, Niigata),
it is said that when a pregnant woman eats a fish called “tochi,” that child will become a robber if it is a boy, and a prostitute if it is a girl. It is also said that a woman who ate the fish, gave birth to a child after it stayed 16 months in her womb, and that child was Shuten-doji.
In Wanoo, there are place names like the Doji estate and the Doji field.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


- Relation to Ibaraki-doji -
Shuten-doji rampaged together in Kyoto along with Ibaraki-doji, but there are actually several theories about their relation. One of those theories is that Ibaraki-doji was not a male oni, but a female oni, and that Ibaraki-doji was a lover of his son, or Shuten-doji himself. Therefore, it has been said that Shuten-doji and Ibaraki-doji knew of each other’s existence, and aimed for the capital together.

Ibaraki dōji, Ibaraki Dooji 茨木童子 / 茨城童子 "Ibaraki child"
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !






. 大江山鬼伝説 Demon Legend of Oeyama Mountain .


酒呑童子 / 酒典童子 (37) tba
伊吹童子 Ibuki Doji / 茨城童子 Ibaragi Doji / 茨羅鬼 - 陰摩羅鬼 Onmoraki Demon / 鬼,餅,酒呑童子 / 酒呑童子,山姥 Yamanba / 片目の魚,酒顛童子 / 山蜘蛛 Yamagumo big spider / 太刀,鬼 / 鬼童 Kidoo - and many more
- source : www.nichibun.ac.jp


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. Legends about Fudo Myo-O 不動明王 .

. Legends about Jizo Bosatsu - 地蔵菩薩 .


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- ABC List of the Prefectures -


Chiba 千葉県

安食町の龍角寺 Ajiki and temple Ryukaku-Ji

. deidarabochi デエダラボッチ, ダイダラボッチ Daidarabotchi Monster .

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Ehime 愛媛県

松山市 Matsuyama

Kyooenji 教円寺 / 教圓寺 Kyoen-Ji
愛媛県松山市 中島粟井甲460

Yakin Bosatsu 弥きんぼさつ / 弥勒菩薩 (Miroku Bosatsu)
At the beach near 御前場 Gozenba a Buddha statue was washed ashore, but nobody could pull it out of the water. But when the priest of temple Kyoen-Ji came along, a well-known sake drinker, he could easily pull it out and thus built a hall for Miroku Bosatsu in the compound. The statue has been carved by Kobo Daishi Kukai himself, and is now a secret statue.


. Miroku Bosatsu 弥勒菩薩 .

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Fukui 福井県

坂口村 Sakaguchi

hebi 蛇 The Serpent
At this temple, rain rituals were held until about 1930.
The elders of the village took some sake and went to the pond ヤシャが池 Yashagaike in the very early morning. They took a plate made of clay, used them as small lights and let it float on the lake. Then they made offerings of sake to the lake.
When the serpent came to drink the sake, the kawarake カワラケ clay plate would be turned over and the light extingt. This was a sign that about one hour later rain would fall.
If the clay plate kept floating, there was no rain and they had to go home.
During this ritual the villagers went to the small temple hall 庵寺 and beat the drum and had some sake themselves while they waited.


. amagoi 雨乞い rain rituals .
- Introduction -

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Fukushima 福島県

勿来町 Nakoso

Idekuraji 出蔵寺 Idekura-Ji
Sakaiidekura-141 Nakosomachi, Iwaki, 福島県いわき市勿来町酒井出蔵141-01

Once upon a time
at Nakoso there was a teacher. His mother was a heavy sake drinker, but the family was very poor and she could never get her fill. And this saddened the son.
So some day he started to dig a well behind the house. And what do you say - there was sake coming out of the well, a very delicious sake indeed.
So his mother could drink as much as she wanted and was very happy.
The hoe which he had used to dig the well is kept at the temple Idekuar-Ji.
When temple was built in 807 (大同2年), this auspicious hoe was used for the first cut of the earth.
And the amazing well is still there,
in the back of the home of 蛭田源右衛門 Hiruta Genemon in the village of 酒井関根 Sakai Sekine.


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田村郡 Tamura

One day after a funeral, people go to the temple to pray and the whole family come together to eat and drink a lot of sake. They offer 四十九日の餅 rice cakes for the 49 days after the funeral (a special date in Japanese funeral rituals). If they can then sneak out some mochi without the priest noticing it, they go home, eat the mochi and will be healed from any trouble or disease with their brain 脳を病.



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Gunma 群馬県

Mirokuji 迦葉山 弥勒寺 Kashozan Miroku-Ji
445 Kamihotchimachi, Numata, Gunma

Tengu 天狗 The Mountain Goblin
The founder of this temple, enson Keijun 天巽慶順 , practised severe asceticism in the mountains.
One of his disciples, 中峰尊者 Nakamine, was very devote and good at flying. Every night, he flew down to the village at the foot of the mountain and bought some sake 酒 to serve his master.

. Kashoozan no tengu men 迦葉山の天狗面
Tengu mask from mount Kashozan .


. Tengu 天狗 Mountain Goblins .
- Introduction -


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Kagawa 香川県

さぬき市 Sanuki

志度寺 Shidodera

daija 大蛇 The huge Serpent
Once upon a time
there were two brothers, 当願 and 暮当, who were hunters. The elder brother went to Shido-Ji to pray and the younger brother went into the mountain to hunt for food, since the family was very poor and there was nothing to eat. The elder brother heard the sound of a gun while saying his prayers and was quite envious. As a punishment, he was changed into large serpent from his head down.
The younger brother felt pity for his elder brother. He carried him on his back to the pond 幸田池 Kota-Ike, hoping for him to get his human form back, and let him slip into the water. The elder brother now became a huge serpent. He plucked his eyes out, transformed them into two large jars and ordered his younger brother to use them for making sake.
The younger brother did as he was told and soon the family prospered by making sake.


. Shidodera 志度寺 Shido-Dera .
- Introduction - - Shikoku Henro Temple Nr. 86

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Nagano 長野県

hyootanishi 瓢箪石 The Gourd Stone
Once upon a time
a wife became very angry about her husband who always drunk too much sake and she split the gourd he had used to store his sake on a large stone. Because of that her husband finally died.
But the gourd shards begun to sigh and mourn every night, they wanted to hold sake again. So the wife brought them to the local temple and had prayers of appeasement said for them.
Eventually the gourd stopped crying.
If people step on this stone, to our day, it is said they will get a high fever (malaria おこり / 瘧).

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Niigata 新潟県

佐渡市 Sado

歓喜寺 Kanki-Ji (Kangi-Ji)

At the slope toward this temple there is a wayside god, Sai no Kami才ノ神, who will help if children have cough. People offer sakekasu 酒の粕  lees wrapped in straw. This is a favorite food of the Sai no Kami.
一塊りの酒の粕を苞にして供える


. Sai no Kami 才ノ神 / 幸の神 .
Ta no Kami, God of the Rice Fields 田の神さま

. sekigamisama 咳神様 Deity of coughing .

. sakekasu, sake-kasu 粕 / 酒の粕 sake lees .

. Kangiten, Kankiten 歓喜天 Vinaayaka, Nandikeshvara, Ganesh .
Shooten 聖天 Shoten

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Oita 大分県

大願寺 Daiganji and the Kappa

. Kappa Legends from Kyushu  河童伝説 - 九州 .

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Osaka 大阪府

北区 Kita ward

法淸寺 Hosei-Ji

In the compound is the grave of a prostitute 娼婦, who got very drunk on sake and killed her brother.
She was sentenced to death.
If you snip off one bit of her grave stone, pound it to powder and put some of that powder in the sake of a heavy drinker, he / she will be cured soon.

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source : isshuan.com
越後くがみ山酒呑童子行列 Shuten Doji Festival and Monster Parade
Tsubame, Echigo, Niigata



- reference -

yokai database : 酒 寺
- source : www.nichibun.ac.jp (15)


. Sake 酒 and local (monster) legends 妖怪伝説 .

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .

- #templelegendssake #sakelegendtemples -
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Daiitoku Jinja Akita

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. Sake Legends and Shinto Shrines 酒と神社 .
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大威徳神社 Daiitoku Jinja 大威徳山神社 Daiitokusan Jinja
Akita 秋田県 Kakunodate仙北市 角館町

This shrine is located on the mountain range Daiitokusan 大威徳山 between 白岩村 Shiraiwamura and Kakunodate. The highest mountain is about 178 m.
The shrine dates back to the Muromachi period.
The main statue is 大威徳夜叉明王 Daiitoku Yasha Myo-O. Before the Meiji period, there was no strict distinction between shrines and temples.

Once upon a time
there were a lot of salmon in the river 玉川 Tamagawa and many fisherman tried their luck on a riverbank just below the shrine, dedicated to the 大威徳明王に Daiitoku Myo-O Deity. Almost every day there was a young monk of high stature in red robes, coming to observe the fishermen. He never accepted any fish offerings and just smiled. They begun to make fun of him, and then one day they bound a flask of sake and some fish on his back with a rope of acebia vine and sent him off home.
From that day on, the salmon did not come up to this river any more.
The child in red robes was an incarnation of the deity Daiitoku Myo-O.
- - - - - Another version of this legend knows this:
The fishermen wanted to grill some salmon for their lunch and went around to gather some branches for a fire. At that moment the young monk in red robes took away their sake flast and salmon, bound it on his back with acebia vine and run away.

People come to this shrine when they have a stomach ace and pray for healing. They are then not allowed to eat salmon and acebia vine.



- source and photos : www.kensoudan.com/



. . . CLICK here for Photos !

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There are two statues in the gate, like in the Nio-Mon.
阿形 - 吽形 - 阿魂 吽魂


source : /froggain.at.webry.info

One carries an ax, the other a short sword.

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. Daiitoku Myo-O 大威徳明王 Wisdom King of Great Awe .
(Skt. Yamantaka)

. akebi あけび【通草/木通】acebia, akebia. .
Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne



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- Reference : 大威徳神社 秋田県


. Sake Legends and Shinto Shrines 酒と神社 .

. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .

- #shrinesdaiitoku #daiitoku -
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norito incantations

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norito 神詞 のりと Shinto chants, incantations and prayers
kamigoto, kamugoto 神言 / 神語 / norito 祝詞
shinpaishi, shinpaiji 神拝詞. かむおろがみのことば 神歌詞

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kansha 官社 government-supported Shrines
Shrines registered with the Department of Religious Affairs, jingikan 神祗官, that were the dwelling places of the most important deities, kami 神.
During important festivals, priests performed rituals called norito神詞, which included reciting prayers of praise and invocations to the kami for protection from disasters feared by an agrarian society.
The rituals were followed by the presentation of offerings to the gods by the government, nobility and chieftains. These included various kinds of cloth, food, white horses, weapons, rice wine and timber for new shrine buildings.
- source : JAANUS

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Shinto Norito: A Book of Prayers
by Ann Llewellyn Evans



This book presents, for the first time, a collection of ancient Japanese Shinto prayers in a format where English speaking readers can both understand the deep meaning of the translated text and can also pronounce the original Japanese words.
Shinto is an ancient spiritual tradition, primarily practiced in Japan, which is now spreading its traditions to the western world. Its primordial rituals and traditions touch a deep chord within one's spiritual self. Shinto's focus on divinity of all beings and of all creation, on living with gratitude and humility, and on purification and lustration of one's self and environment will bring light and joy to any reader.
The purpose of prayer and ritual as practiced in the Shinto tradition, is to reinsert ourselves into a divine state of being, not as a new position, but as an acknowledgement and reinforcement of what already exists. Ritual restores sensitive awareness to our relationship to the universe. Through purification and removal of impurities and blockages, we return to our innate internal brightness and cultivate a demeanor of gratitude and joy.
Shinto rituals and prayers were created by ancient man over 2,000 years ago in a time when mankind was more intuitive about his relationship to this world. Because of this, the rites are archetypal and invoke deep emotion within the participants.
This book of prayers will introduce the western reader to the deep spirituality of Shinto, providing explanation of the spiritual tradition and practice and providing a collection of 22 prayers for use in personal meditation and devotions.
- quote - amazon com -


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shinpaishiしんぱいし


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Norito
These are liturgies or incantations, words written in a particular script that are then read by the ritual performer at certain ceremonies or festivals involving the kami. In general the classification norito is widely used to include auspicious words (yogoto) as well as the language for ritual purification (harae no kotoba). There are various theories regarding the meaning and etymology of the word norito, but the belief that nori is the nominalized form of noru "to declare" (announce important words in a mystical way), and the belief that to is a suffix associated with cursing or magical acts, such as kusoto "crime of spreading feces on things or polluting," togohito "cursing or damning (this word is of unclear meaning)," or kotodo "breaking relations with a spouse (also a word of unclear derivation)," is close to becoming the scholarly consensus.

Additionally, other explanations concerning the etymology of this word exist such as one suggesting that norito comes from noritabegoto"declare and present words" (by Kamo no Mabuchi) or from noritokigoto"words declared and expounded" (by Motoori Norinaga), but these theories are not seriously considered today. The original form of the word is norito, but later koto "word" was affixed, and in the late Heian period a contraction in pronunciation resulted in the noritogoto being pronounced as notto .
In ancient times the word norito was written in various ways such as 祝詞 or 詔戸言 (in the first book of Kojiki), or 詔刀言 (in the Nakatomi words of celebration), or 諄辞 (in Nihon shoki's portion on the Age of the Kami), or 告刀 (in Kōtai jingū gishikichō), or 法刀言 (in Ryō no shūge). When used as a legal term in proclamations, legal codes or ceremonies, the spelling was standardized as 祝詞. These characters were used in imitation of the Chinese term 祝文 "words read to the gods," with the character 詞 "utterances" exchanged for the original character 文 "written words."

Origins
The origins of norito are believed to be extremely old and the fact that magical words were indispensable in the performances of rituals from antiquity can be witnessed in rituals found in Kojiki and Nihon shoki including the myth of the Heavenly cave (where the Sun goddess hides) wherein Amenokoyane no mikoto makes use of noritogoto. Also, in the legend depicting Ōkuninushi no mikoto's transfer of authority (kuniyuzuri) as seen in Kojiki, auspicious words (jushi) are used to start the divine fire used to cook food to be presented as divine offerings (shinsen). A great number of Norito have been produced since there appearance in documents dating to the ancient period and they are treated as Shintō classics and considered a template for the creation of norito in modern times but the main corpus of norito consists of a set of twenty-seven included in Book Eight of Engishiki which was compiled in the twelfth month of 927. These norito were employed at various ceremonies and rituals at the court which have been read and handed down and are referred to as Engishiki norito or Engi norito shiki.

First there are the customary rituals held at court, and these norito are listed in order with which they were performed:
1) Toshigoi ceremony,
2) Kasuga Festival,
3) The Hirose Great Taboo Festival,
4) Tatsuta Festival to the kami of the wind,
5) Hirano Festival,
6) Festival for the kami Kudo and Furuseki,
7) The "Monthly" (Tsukinami) Festival of the Sixth Month,
8) The Festival (Ensuring the Safety) of the Imperial Palace,
9) The Festival of (the Purification of) the Palace Gates,

10) The Great Purification on the Last Day of the Sixth Month,
11) The mystical words employed during Yamato Fumi Imiki's presentation of the sword,
12) The Pacifying of the Fire Festival,
13) Purification of the Thoroughfares of the Capital,
14) Great Harvest Festival,
15) Festival for the Pacification of the Imperial Spirit. Following these norito, the norito of the Ise Shrines are collected and complied as follows:
16) Ceremonies for the Toshigoi Festival of the Second Month and the Tsukinami Festival of the Sixth and Twelfth Months,
17) the Festival at the Toyouke Shrine,
18) Ceremonial Changing of the Kami's clothing in the Fourth Month,
19) The "Monthly" (Tsukinami) Festival of the Sixth and Twelfth Months,

20) The Offering of the Harvest to the Kami in the Ninth Month,
21) The Offering of the Harvest at Toyouke Shrine,
22) The Offering of the Harvest to the Kami,
23) Ceremony for the Installation of the Consecrated Imperial Princess at the Ise Shrines, 24) The norito necessary for the movement of the Great Kami of the Ise Shrines. The preceding rituals are regular, annual rituals listed in order and,
in addition to those rituals, a few rituals employed under special or extraordinary circumstances are listed:
25) Rituals for use to dispel the violent manifestations of kami (tatarigami ),
26) The offerings made at the time an envoy is dispatched to Tang China,
27) Words of Praise Offered to the Kami by the Provincial Administrator of Izumo (Izumo kuni no miyatsuko).

It is assumed that the twenty-seven types of norito mentioned above are preserved in a form that remains largely unchanged from the time they were presented to the court as a portion of the sixth book of Kōnin shiki, compiled in the fourth month of 820. Numbers 1, 7, 14 are liturgies offered in prayer for the longevity of the emperor's reign and a prosperous harvest of the five grains. Numbers 8 and 9 are liturgies offered in prayer for the tranquility of the emperor's palace, while 10 is the great purification that was offered twice a year to expiate transgressions and prevent disasters throughout the realm. These exquisite compositions were, along with the "age of the kami" section of Nihon shoki, considered to be essential works in the formation of Shintō thought and came to be regarded as sacred. Beginning in the medieval period norito came to be recited widely by among onmyōji (masters of Chinese yin-yang), individuals associated with shrines and even common individuals and, of these recitations, many continue to be used today. Number 27 is unique among and has characteristics that are not necessarily consistent with the other norito listed.
In the case of number 27, the governor of Izumo (Izumo no kuni no miyatsuko), having been recently appointment to his post, would remain abstinent (kessai) for the period of one year while performing rites for the kami of Izumo. Subsequently, the governor would journey to the capital and present the jinpō (divine treasures) and the first fruits of the harvest to the court. These offerings would be received during a ceremony for the longevity of the imperial reign and the norito offered took the form poetry and consisted of a pledge of loyalty on the behalf of the governor of Izumo to the emperor and represents the height of development for these auspicious utterances (yogoto).

Although they are not included among the norito found in Norito shiki, there are a number of other norito that are serve as historically important works from the ancient period. Notably, among these norito exists the auspicious utterances (yogoto) of the Nakatomi which were recited on the day the emperor ascended the throne and also recited at the great festival of the tasting of the first fruits (daijōsai, the norito is called amatsukami noyogoto, or "auspicious words for the heavenly kami"). These norito are contained in Taiki bekki, the journal of Fujiwara Yorinaga (1120-1156), under the entry for the first year of Emperor Konoe (1142) as words presented by Ōnakatomi Kiyochika, and in a text recited by Ōnakatomi Chikasada in the first year of Emperor Toba (1108) two reigns prior to Emperor Konoe (this norito is published in Nishida Nagao's Shintō-shi no kenkyū , volume 2 where he introduces a text copied by a shintō priest [negi ] of the Ise Shrine named Arakida Moritoki who produced a copied dated 1506-1516).

Variously, these norito are also introduced in Nakatomi hissho copied in 1401 by someone in the Fujinami family, descendants of the Ōnakatomi, and can be found in Komatsu Kaoru's "Shin hakken no Fujinamike shozō: Nakatomi hissho (tenjin yogoto) no shōkai to kōsatsu" (Newly Discovered Documents of the Fujinami Family: An Introduction to and Consideration of the 'Nakatomi hissho tenjin yogoto' ). Furthermore, in the sixteenth volume of Engishiki under the entry for the Bureau of Divination (Onmyōrō) in the entry "Items for the Na Festival" there is a text (saimon) containing the lines recited for a ritual by onmyōji (masters of Chinese yin-yang) at this same festival on the last day of the twelfth month.

There is some chronological breadth to the composition of the norito that appear in Engishiki, and it is also believed that certain liturgies like numbers 1), 7), and 10), have passed through several stages before reaching their present form. On the other hand, some liturgies such as numbers 3) and 4) first appear in festivals in 675, and number 27) was first presented in 716, and the place names found in these norito correspond to the historical period of Asuka and Fujiwara Capitals. By gathering clues such as these and comparing them with evidence such as is found in number 2) which was used in the festival of Kasuga shrine which was established in 768, or as in numbers 5) and 6) which were used in festivals established in the during the Enryaku era (782—806), assumptions can be made as to when these norito were first composed. There are also some who argue that the use of words like amatsu yashiro, kunitsu yashiro "shrine of heaven, shrine of the land" as found in numbers 1), 4), 7), 14), and in the Nakatomi yogoto have their origins in the Ōmi Code which was in force from 671 to 689.

Regarding who had the authority to present norito to the court, in the myths contained in Kojiki, Nihon shoki and Kogo shūi, there is the tradition that Futodama, the founding deity (sojin) of the Inbe, was in charge of making offerings, and Amenokoyane, the founding deity of the Nakatomi, was in charge of reciting the norito (though some traditions state that Futodama also was in charge of recitation). Jingiryōmentions the recitation of Norito by the Nakatomi during the Kinensai and Tsukinamisai and preparation and distribution of paper offerings by the Inbe was the established practice. The foreword of Engi norito shiki states that of norito contained therein are to be recited by the Inbe in instances such as the Ōtonosai and Mikadosai, and Nakatomi perform the recitations for those not contained therein (naturally the Nakatomi do not read anything for numbers 11) and 27). Also, because the Nakatomi were primarily in charge of recitation of the Ōharae no kotoba, this later was called Nakatomi no harae.

Style and contents
Providing a categorization of the styles of the norito as they appear in the Engishiki, there would be two large divisions based on how the norito ended. One group of norito would finish with statements such as "I announce: 'Give ear everyone to these words'"; "I announce that this concludes the presentation of this statement and words of praise"; and the other group's norito end with the statements such as "I state with great humility that this concludes the presentation of these statements of praise"; "With great humility I have presented these statements." The former take the form of a public pronouncement to people gathered together at the place of a festival and this is called senmyō(senge)-tai norito (edict style norito), while the latter is are statements presented directly to the kami called presentation-style norito.

In the composition of norito, there exists a basic format in which the name of the kami to be worshipped or origin of the festival as it is derived from myth is given and followed thereby with statements praising the virtue of kami, the presentation of paper offerings and, lastly, entreaties are made of the kami. There are instances where norito from more recent time periods are lacking the portion concerning mythic origins. Although the means of expression is generally rather simplistic, amidst this simplicity one can witness the use of metaphors, enumerations, and reiterations, as well as rhetorical devices such as antonyms and antitheses. These norito formed the apex of virtuous and beautiful expression and epitomized cordiality and respect lending a solemn air to the recitation.

Concerning the way in which norito were orthographically rendered, in order to ensure that norito would be pronounced correctly at ritual occasions, they were written entirely in Chinese characters but the word order itself was Japanese with nouns and pronouns as well as the stems of verbs and adjectival verbs written in Chinese characters of a slightly larger size and suffixes and particles as well as the inflecting parts of verbs are written in man'yōgana in a smaller size. In other words, these norito were written in the senmyōstyle. This style of orthography was frequently used in the ancient period because it was markedly easier to ensure correct pronunciation during recitation than classical Chinese or Japanese-modified Chinese. Even after the general Japanese orthography had changed to a mixture of kanji and kana, the orthography of the norito still preserved the tradition of writing in the senmyōstyle. The paper these liturgies were written on was white washi (Japanese style paper), like torinokogami (Japanese vellum), hōshogami (a stout white paper), and sugiharagami (a lighter, thinner paper), and this paper was then folded generally in seven and one half folds. Even to this day, the paper used for imperial edicts that were presented to imperial shrines, shrines, and imperial mausolea by imperial messengers (chokushi ) follows the specifications established in Engishiki with the norito of Ise being presented on light blue paper and those of Kamo on crimson paper while other edicts are written on yellow paper.

Transitions and research
After the compilation of the Engishiki norito there have been various compilations of norito recited at specific shrines, especially in the middle ages, such as "Nenjū gyōji norito fumi (Kōtai jingū ) [Texts of liturgies recited at yearly events [Ise Shrine],""Notsuto shidai " (Wakasa Hiko jinja), "Sumiyoshi Daijingū norito,""Hiesha norito kudensho." There are also norito recorded in Suwasha nennai shidai kyūki . Additionally, there are also records that contain fragmentary norito such as the "Miyanome saimon" fragment found in Shūkaisho and Shissei shoshō , as well as various norito from the Ise Shrines, Kamo, Iwashimizu, Hirano, Gion, Kitano, Kasuga and other shrines, known from works like Kōtai jingū nenjū gyōji, Taiki, Shōyūki, Chūshishō, Ruijū daibunin, Azuma kagami, Chōya gunsai, Kanchūki, Entairyaku, Yasutomiki, and Honchō seiki. Some of these medieval norito were simplified over time and became formalized, while others came to be used in conjunction with Chinese and Buddhist terminology. Also, while the Engishikinorito were recited at court by the Jingikan (Bureau of Divinities), it appears that these later norito were actually recited various popular shrine festivals. Even though we refer collectively to "norito" with one word, these recitations and utterances have undergone historical transformations, which made evident by the shear variety of norito that exist throughout Japan. Given this diversity, members of the Kokugaku (National Learning) movement sought to revive the older liturgies. It is at the hands of kokugaku scholars that the entire compilation of norito contained in Engishikibecame the object of study, and research and because of this initial efforts the study of norito experiences dramatic advances. The court, various shrines, and numerous households began writing liturgies based on the old precedent. Norito produced from the Meiji era on have been written in the same spirit of this restoration that characterized kokugaku.

Among the extant copies of Book Eight of Engishiki, the Kujōke manuscript is recognized as the oldest surviving text, having been copied near the end of the Heian period. This manuscript does not contain the revisions that appear in later texts and the interlinear readings preserve the ancient style of kana. Next is the Urabe Kanenaga text from the Muromachi period, copied in 1523, which preserves an even older form of man'yōgana than exits in the Kujōke manuscript. Also, there is the Urabe Kanemigi text, copied in 1542, which is a manuscript belonging to a different branch of the Urabe. Concerning the production of commentaries and research regarding norito, from the Kamakura period, a number of Shintō scholars produced commentaries on the great purification liturgy, and these are contained in the three-volume work Ōharae kotoba chūshaku taisei. The comprehensive investigation into the complete commentaries of Engishiki began with Kamo no Mabuchi's Engishiki norito kai, a work based largely up the research conducted by Kada no Azumamaro and Kada no Arimaro. Mabuchi also put together a standard reference titled Norito kō. Additionally, there are also works such as Motoori Norinaga's Izumo no miyatsuko no kamuyogoto goshaku and Ōharae no kotoba kōshaku, and Suzuki Shigetane's Engishiki norito kōgi.

- source : kokugakuin, Motosawa Masafumi -

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Norito
by Donald L. Philippi, Joseph Mitsuo Kitagawa



This volume presents the only English translation of the prayers of Japan's indigenous religious tradition, Shinto. These prayers, norito, are works of religious literature that are basic to our understanding of Japanese religious history. Locating Donald Philippi as one of a small number of scholars who have developed a perceptive approach to the problem of "hermeneutical distance" in dealing with ancient or foreign texts, Joseph M. Kitagawa recalls Mircea Eliade's observation that "most of the time [our] encounters and comparisons with non-Western cultures have not made all the `strangeness' of these cultures evident. . . . We may say that the Western world has not yet, or not generally, met with authentic representatives of the `real' non-Western traditions." Composed in the stately ritual language of the ancient Japanese and presented as a "performing text," these prayers are, Kitagawa tells us, "one of the authentic foreign representatives in Eliade's sense."
In the preface Kitagawa elucidates their significance, discusses Philippi's methods of encountering the "strangeness" of Japan, and comments astutely on aspects of the encounter of East and West.
- quote - amazon com -

"A welcome republication . . . of a group of important norito brought out by the Institute for Japanese Culture and Classics . . . The new Preface supplied by Kitagawa is . . .a subtantial essay worthy of attention in its own right. It scetches the cultural, historical, and religious contexts in which the earliest written collection of norito emerged"
--Monumenta Nipponica

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- Reference : 神詞

- Reference : English


. Shrine, Shinto Shrine (jinja 神社) - Introduction .

- #shintonorito #noritochants #norito -
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- - - - -  H A I K U  - - - - -

. WKD : Summer Purification Ceremony (nagoshi 名越) .

In Shinto, not only are the sins, pollutions, and misfortunes of the individual removed, but also evil and misfortune can be removed from a whole nation, life renewed, and the blessings of the gods brought down. The norito prayers used at the 大祓 Ôharae is called Ôbarae no kotoba. It was the duty of the Nakatomi clan to recite it, and so it is also called by the name Nakatomi no harae.
Ôharae today is performed on the last days of June and December of each year.


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